Mechanical stimulation of energetic materials at the nanoscale

Ekaterina K. Kosareva, Radmir V. Gainutdinov, Adam A. L. Michalchuk, Ivan V. Ananyev, Nikita V. Muravyev*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

The initiation of energetic materials by mechanical stimuli is a critical stage of their functioning, but remains poorly understood. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) we explore the microscopic initiation behavior of four prototypical energetic materials: 3,4-dinitropyrazole, ϵ-CL-20, α-PETN and picric acid. Along with the various chemical structures, these energetic compounds cover a range of application types: a promising melt-cast explosive, the most powerful energetic compound in use, a widespread primary explosive, and a well-established nitroaromatic explosive from the early development of energetics. For the softest materials (picric acid and 3,4-dinitropyrazole), the surfaces were found to behave dynamically, quickly rearranging in response to mechanical deformation. The pit created by nanoscale friction stimulation on the surface of 3,4-dinitropyrazole doubled in volume upon aging for half an hour. Over the same time frame, a similar pit on the picric acid surface increased in volume by more than seven-fold. Remarkably, increased humidity was found to reduce the rate of surface rearrangement, potentially offering an origin for the desensitization of energetic materials when wetted. Finally, we identify an inverse correlation between the surface dynamics and mechanical sensitivity of our test energetic compounds. This strongly suggests that surface dynamics influence a material's ability to dissipate excess energy, acting as a buffer towards mechanical initiation.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)8890-8900
Number of pages11
JournalPhysical Chemistry Chemical Physics
Volume24
Issue number15
Early online date30 Mar 2022
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 21 Apr 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
EKK and NVM acknowledge the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for a financial support of this work (project #075-15-2020-803 to Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry). AAM received no funding for his contribution to this work. The authors are thankful to Konstantin Monogarov (Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physic) for help with SPM experiments. Dr Igor Dalinger, Dr Ilya Kuchurov, Dr Leonid Fershtat (all from Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry) are acknowledged for providing the substances for analysis.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Royal Society of Chemistry

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Mechanical stimulation of energetic materials at the nanoscale'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this