Measuring the stability of fundamental constants with a network of clocks

G. Barontini; L. Blackburn; V. Boyer; F. Butuc-Mayer; X. Calmet; J. R. Crespo Lopez-Urrutia; E. A. Curtis; B. Darquie; J. Dunningham; N. J. Fitch; E. M. Forgan; K. Georgiou; P. Gill; R. M. Godun; J. Goldwin; V. Guarrera; A. C. Harwood; I. R. Hill; R. J. Hendricks; M. Jeong; M. Y. H. Johnson; M. Keller; L. P. Kozhiparambil Sajith; F. Kuipers; H. S. Margolis; C. Mayo; P. Newman; A. O. Parsons; L. Prokhorov; B. I. Robertson; J. Rodewald; M. S. Safronova; B. E. Sauer; M. Schioppo; N. Sherrill; Y. V. Stadnik; K. Szymaniec; M. R. Tarbutt; R. C. Thompson; A. Tofful; J. Tunesi; A. Vecchio; Y. Wang; S. Worm

doi:10.1140/epjqt/s40507-022-00130-5

Measuring the stability of fundamental constants with a network of clocks

G. Barontini, L. Blackburn, V. Boyer, F. Butuc-Mayer, X. Calmet, J. R. Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, E. A. Curtis, B. Darquie, J. Dunningham, N. J. Fitch, E. M. Forgan, K. Georgiou, P. Gill, R. M. Godun, J. Goldwin, V. Guarrera, A. C. Harwood, I. R. Hill, R. J. Hendricks, M. JeongM. Y. H. Johnson, M. Keller, L. P. Kozhiparambil Sajith, F. Kuipers, H. S. Margolis, C. Mayo, P. Newman, A. O. Parsons, L. Prokhorov, B. I. Robertson, J. Rodewald, M. S. Safronova, B. E. Sauer, M. Schioppo, N. Sherrill, Y. V. Stadnik, K. Szymaniec, M. R. Tarbutt, R. C. Thompson, A. Tofful, J. Tunesi, A. Vecchio, Y. Wang, S. Worm

Physics and Astronomy

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Abstract

The detection of variations of fundamental constants of the Standard Model would provide us with compelling evidence of new physics, and could lift the veil on the nature of dark matter and dark energy. In this work, we discuss how a network of atomic and molecular clocks can be used to look for such variations with unprecedented sensitivity over a wide range of time scales. This is precisely the goal of the recently launched QSNET project: A network of clocks for measuring the stability of fundamental constants. QSNET will include state-of-the-art atomic clocks, but will also develop next-generation molecular and highly charged ion clocks with enhanced sensitivity to variations of fundamental constants. We describe the technological and scientific aims of QSNET and evaluate its expected performance. We show that in the range of parameters probed by QSNET, either we will discover new physics, or we will impose new constraints on violations of fundamental symmetries and a range of theories beyond the Standard Model, including dark matter and dark energy models.

Original language	English
Article number	12
Number of pages	52
Journal	EPJ Quantum Technology
Volume	9
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-022-00130-5
Publication status	Published - 11 May 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by STFC and EPSRC under grants ST/T00598X/1, ST/T006048/1, ST/T006234/1, ST/T00603X/1,ST/T00102X/1,ST/S002227/1. We also acknowledge the support of the UK government department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy through the UK National Quantum Technologies Programme. The work of M.S.S. was supported by US NSF Grant No. PHY-2012068. The work of Y.V.S. was supported by the World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), MEXT, Japan and by the JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP20K14460. A.V. acknowledges the support of the Royal Society and Wolfson Foundation.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s).

Keywords

hep-ph
astro-ph.CO
gr-qc
hep-ex
physics.atom-ph
Variations of fundamental constants
Atomic and molecular clocks
Networks of quantum sensors
Dark matter
Dark energy
Solitons
Quantum gravity
Grand unification theories
Violation of fundamental symmetries
Physics beyond the Standard Model

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Barontini, G., Blackburn, L., Boyer, V., Butuc-Mayer, F., Calmet, X., Lopez-Urrutia, J. R. C., Curtis, E. A., Darquie, B., Dunningham, J., Fitch, N. J., Forgan, E. M., Georgiou, K., Gill, P., Godun, R. M., Goldwin, J., Guarrera, V., Harwood, A. C., Hill, I. R., Hendricks, R. J., ... Worm, S. (2022). Measuring the stability of fundamental constants with a network of clocks. EPJ Quantum Technology, 9(1), Article 12. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-022-00130-5

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title = "Measuring the stability of fundamental constants with a network of clocks",

abstract = "The detection of variations of fundamental constants of the Standard Model would provide us with compelling evidence of new physics, and could lift the veil on the nature of dark matter and dark energy. In this work, we discuss how a network of atomic and molecular clocks can be used to look for such variations with unprecedented sensitivity over a wide range of time scales. This is precisely the goal of the recently launched QSNET project: A network of clocks for measuring the stability of fundamental constants. QSNET will include state-of-the-art atomic clocks, but will also develop next-generation molecular and highly charged ion clocks with enhanced sensitivity to variations of fundamental constants. We describe the technological and scientific aims of QSNET and evaluate its expected performance. We show that in the range of parameters probed by QSNET, either we will discover new physics, or we will impose new constraints on violations of fundamental symmetries and a range of theories beyond the Standard Model, including dark matter and dark energy models.",

keywords = "hep-ph, astro-ph.CO, gr-qc, hep-ex, physics.atom-ph, Variations of fundamental constants, Atomic and molecular clocks, Networks of quantum sensors, Dark matter, Dark energy, Solitons, Quantum gravity, Grand unification theories, Violation of fundamental symmetries, Physics beyond the Standard Model",

author = "G. Barontini and L. Blackburn and V. Boyer and F. Butuc-Mayer and X. Calmet and Lopez-Urrutia, {J. R. Crespo} and Curtis, {E. A.} and B. Darquie and J. Dunningham and Fitch, {N. J.} and Forgan, {E. M.} and K. Georgiou and P. Gill and Godun, {R. M.} and J. Goldwin and V. Guarrera and Harwood, {A. C.} and Hill, {I. R.} and Hendricks, {R. J.} and M. Jeong and Johnson, {M. Y. H.} and M. Keller and Sajith, {L. P. Kozhiparambil} and F. Kuipers and Margolis, {H. S.} and C. Mayo and P. Newman and Parsons, {A. O.} and L. Prokhorov and Robertson, {B. I.} and J. Rodewald and Safronova, {M. S.} and Sauer, {B. E.} and M. Schioppo and N. Sherrill and Stadnik, {Y. V.} and K. Szymaniec and Tarbutt, {M. R.} and Thompson, {R. C.} and A. Tofful and J. Tunesi and A. Vecchio and Y. Wang and S. Worm",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by STFC and EPSRC under grants ST/T00598X/1, ST/T006048/1, ST/T006234/1, ST/T00603X/1,ST/T00102X/1,ST/S002227/1. We also acknowledge the support of the UK government department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy through the UK National Quantum Technologies Programme. The work of M.S.S. was supported by US NSF Grant No. PHY-2012068. The work of Y.V.S. was supported by the World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), MEXT, Japan and by the JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP20K14460. A.V. acknowledges the support of the Royal Society and Wolfson Foundation. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s).",

year = "2022",

month = may,

day = "11",

doi = "10.1140/epjqt/s40507-022-00130-5",

language = "English",

volume = "9",

journal = "EPJ Quantum Technology",

issn = "2196-0763",

publisher = "Springer Open",

number = "1",

}

Barontini, G, Blackburn, L, Boyer, V, Butuc-Mayer, F, Calmet, X, Lopez-Urrutia, JRC, Curtis, EA, Darquie, B, Dunningham, J, Fitch, NJ, Forgan, EM, Georgiou, K, Gill, P, Godun, RM, Goldwin, J, Guarrera, V, Harwood, AC, Hill, IR, Hendricks, RJ, Jeong, M, Johnson, MYH, Keller, M, Sajith, LPK, Kuipers, F, Margolis, HS, Mayo, C, Newman, P, Parsons, AO, Prokhorov, L, Robertson, BI, Rodewald, J, Safronova, MS, Sauer, BE, Schioppo, M, Sherrill, N, Stadnik, YV, Szymaniec, K, Tarbutt, MR, Thompson, RC, Tofful, A, Tunesi, J, Vecchio, A, Wang, Y & Worm, S 2022, 'Measuring the stability of fundamental constants with a network of clocks', EPJ Quantum Technology, vol. 9, no. 1, 12. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-022-00130-5

TY - JOUR

T1 - Measuring the stability of fundamental constants with a network of clocks

AU - Barontini, G.

AU - Blackburn, L.

AU - Boyer, V.

AU - Butuc-Mayer, F.

AU - Calmet, X.

AU - Lopez-Urrutia, J. R. Crespo

AU - Curtis, E. A.

AU - Darquie, B.

AU - Dunningham, J.

AU - Fitch, N. J.

AU - Forgan, E. M.

AU - Georgiou, K.

AU - Gill, P.

AU - Godun, R. M.

AU - Goldwin, J.

AU - Guarrera, V.

AU - Harwood, A. C.

AU - Hill, I. R.

AU - Hendricks, R. J.

AU - Jeong, M.

AU - Johnson, M. Y. H.

AU - Keller, M.

AU - Sajith, L. P. Kozhiparambil

AU - Kuipers, F.

AU - Margolis, H. S.

AU - Mayo, C.

AU - Newman, P.

AU - Parsons, A. O.

AU - Prokhorov, L.

AU - Robertson, B. I.

AU - Rodewald, J.

AU - Safronova, M. S.

AU - Sauer, B. E.

AU - Schioppo, M.

AU - Sherrill, N.

AU - Stadnik, Y. V.

AU - Szymaniec, K.

AU - Tarbutt, M. R.

AU - Thompson, R. C.

AU - Tofful, A.

AU - Tunesi, J.

AU - Vecchio, A.

AU - Wang, Y.

AU - Worm, S.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by STFC and EPSRC under grants ST/T00598X/1, ST/T006048/1, ST/T006234/1, ST/T00603X/1,ST/T00102X/1,ST/S002227/1. We also acknowledge the support of the UK government department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy through the UK National Quantum Technologies Programme. The work of M.S.S. was supported by US NSF Grant No. PHY-2012068. The work of Y.V.S. was supported by the World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), MEXT, Japan and by the JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP20K14460. A.V. acknowledges the support of the Royal Society and Wolfson Foundation. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).

PY - 2022/5/11

Y1 - 2022/5/11

N2 - The detection of variations of fundamental constants of the Standard Model would provide us with compelling evidence of new physics, and could lift the veil on the nature of dark matter and dark energy. In this work, we discuss how a network of atomic and molecular clocks can be used to look for such variations with unprecedented sensitivity over a wide range of time scales. This is precisely the goal of the recently launched QSNET project: A network of clocks for measuring the stability of fundamental constants. QSNET will include state-of-the-art atomic clocks, but will also develop next-generation molecular and highly charged ion clocks with enhanced sensitivity to variations of fundamental constants. We describe the technological and scientific aims of QSNET and evaluate its expected performance. We show that in the range of parameters probed by QSNET, either we will discover new physics, or we will impose new constraints on violations of fundamental symmetries and a range of theories beyond the Standard Model, including dark matter and dark energy models.

AB - The detection of variations of fundamental constants of the Standard Model would provide us with compelling evidence of new physics, and could lift the veil on the nature of dark matter and dark energy. In this work, we discuss how a network of atomic and molecular clocks can be used to look for such variations with unprecedented sensitivity over a wide range of time scales. This is precisely the goal of the recently launched QSNET project: A network of clocks for measuring the stability of fundamental constants. QSNET will include state-of-the-art atomic clocks, but will also develop next-generation molecular and highly charged ion clocks with enhanced sensitivity to variations of fundamental constants. We describe the technological and scientific aims of QSNET and evaluate its expected performance. We show that in the range of parameters probed by QSNET, either we will discover new physics, or we will impose new constraints on violations of fundamental symmetries and a range of theories beyond the Standard Model, including dark matter and dark energy models.

KW - hep-ph

KW - astro-ph.CO

KW - gr-qc

KW - hep-ex

KW - physics.atom-ph

KW - Variations of fundamental constants

KW - Atomic and molecular clocks

KW - Networks of quantum sensors

KW - Dark matter

KW - Dark energy

KW - Solitons

KW - Quantum gravity

KW - Grand unification theories

KW - Violation of fundamental symmetries

KW - Physics beyond the Standard Model

U2 - 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-022-00130-5

DO - 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-022-00130-5

M3 - Article

SN - 2196-0763

VL - 9

JO - EPJ Quantum Technology

JF - EPJ Quantum Technology

IS - 1

M1 - 12

ER -

Measuring the stability of fundamental constants with a network of clocks

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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