Long-range predictability of extratropical climate and the length of day

Adam Scaife*, Leon Hermanson, A. van Niekerk, M. Andrews, Mark Baldwin, S. Belcher, Philip Bett, R. E. Comer, N. J. Dunstone, Ruth Geen, S. C. Hardiman, S. Ineson, J. Knight, Yu Nie, H.-L. Ren, Doug Smith

*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

Angular momentum is fundamental to the structure and variability of the atmosphere and therefore has an important influence on regional weather and climate. Total atmospheric angular momentum is also directly related to the rotation rate of the Earth and, hence, the length of day. However, the long-range predictability of fluctuations in the length of the day and atmospheric angular momentum is unknown. Here we show that fluctuations in atmospheric angular momentum and the length of day are predictable out to more than a year ahead and that this provides an atmospheric source of long-range predictability for surface climate. Using ensemble forecasts from a dynamical climate model, we demonstrate long-range predictability of signals in the atmospheric angular momentum field that propagate slowly and coherently polewards due to wave–mean flow interaction within the atmosphere. These predictable signals are also shown to precede changes in extratropical climate via the North Atlantic Oscillation and the extratropical jet stream. These results extend the lead time for length-of-day predictions, provide a source of long-range predictability from within the atmosphere and provide a link between geodesy and climate prediction.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)789–793
Number of pages5
JournalNature Geoscience
Volume15
Issue number10
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 3 Oct 2022

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