‘It Was a Bit of a Now or Never Situation’: Experiences of Preconception Care and Support for Women With Multiple Long‐Term Health Conditions

Introduction

One in five women enters pregnancy with multiple long-term health conditions, which is associated with increased risks of adverse maternal and child outcomes. There is a lack of research exploring individuals' experiences of preconception care for these women, which is also reflected in existing guidelines that predominantly focus on single health conditions. This study aimed to explore experiences of preconception care and support among women with multiple long-term health conditions and health professionals.

Methods

This is a secondary analysis of qualitative data collected by the MuM-PreDiCT consortium. The primary study involved semi-structured interviews between March 2022 and May 2023 with pregnant (> 28 weeks) and postnatal (< 2 years) women with multiple long-term physical and/or mental health conditions in the United Kingdom, and healthcare professionals involved in their care. Data captured within the preconception coding reports were analysed thematically.

Results

Fifty-seven women and 51 healthcare professionals were interviewed. Six themes were identified from the thematic analysis. Women and professionals described the importance of tailored preconception care and support, incorporating condition-focused counselling (sub-theme 1) and medication planning (sub-theme 2). Sensitive and realistic care and support were considered essential, but women had mixed experiences of involvement and empathy from different professionals. The significance of optimising antenatal care by making every preconception contact count was emphasised by both women and professionals, who valued early referrals, specialist input and integration of services. Although professionals viewed the preconception period as an opportunity to empower women, many women felt they had to self-advocate and seek information due to gaps in professional awareness, knowledge and education. Professionals reported differing views on who, within the care team, should take responsibility for care delivery. Some believed that women should play an active role in managing their health, including initiating conversations around pregnancy intentions. The delivery of preconception care was complicated by a range of challenges, including a lack of service integration, availability, time and funding.

Conclusion

Women with long-term health conditions can experience substantial gaps in preconception care, characterised by inconsistent guidance and limited access to tailored, reliable support, which frequently leads to feelings of isolation and the need to seek additional information when preparing for pregnancy. These results will inform the co-development of a care bundle for affected women.

Patient or Public Contribution

Our Patient and Public Involvement group was involved in the design of the study and the analysis and interpretation of the data, and two public study investigators are part of the author group.