Iron (II) impregnated double-shelled hollow mesoporous silica as acid-base bifunctional catalyst for the conversion of low-quality oil to methyl esters

Stefanus Kevin Suryajaya; Yohanes Ricky Mulyono; Shella Permatasari Santoso; Maria Yuliana; Alfin Kurniawan; Aning Ayucitra; Yueting Sun; Sandy Budi Hartono; Felycia Edi Soetaredjo; Suryadi Ismadji

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2021.01.107

Iron (II) impregnated double-shelled hollow mesoporous silica as acid-base bifunctional catalyst for the conversion of low-quality oil to methyl esters

Stefanus Kevin Suryajaya, Yohanes Ricky Mulyono, Shella Permatasari Santoso, Maria Yuliana^*, Alfin Kurniawan, Aning Ayucitra, Yueting Sun, Sandy Budi Hartono, Felycia Edi Soetaredjo, Suryadi Ismadji

^*Corresponding author for this work

Engineering

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Abstract

To promote the use of low-quality oils in producing biodiesel, a bifunctional acid-base catalyst Fe/DS-HMS-NH₂ is fabricated using the two-step condensation technique. The obtained Fe/DS-HMS-NH₂ is of a doubled shell structure in spherical shape with a uniform size of 156 nm. Its hollow core (with a diameter of 86 nm) and two spatial shells with different active sites enables the esterification and transesterification reactions to be accomplished in a one-pot synthesis. The influences of four independent reaction variables on the yield of fatty acid methyl esters Y_F was studied, including catalyst loading m_c, reaction time t, reaction temperature T, and the methanol to degummed palm oil mass ratio r_m/o. The highest yield was obtained at 85.36% (w/w) when m_c = 6% (w/w), t = 4.5 h, T = 60 °C, and r_m/o = 6:1. The Fe/DS-HMS-NH₂ shows a good recyclability with Y_F > 80% (w/w) up to three reaction cycles.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1166-1174
Number of pages	9
Journal	Renewable Energy
Volume	169
Early online date	25 Jan 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.01.107
Publication status	Published - May 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge the funding supports from Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya and World Class Research Program, Indonesian Ministry of Research and Technology , through the research grant no. 2263/WM01/N/2020 and 130B/WM01.5/N/2020 , respectively. We also thank Professor Chun-Hu Chen, National Sun Yat Sen University, and Taiwan Tech (National Taiwan University of Science and Technology) for providing the facility for the catalyst characterizations.

Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

Keywords

Amine functionalization
Bifunctional catalyst
Biodiesel
Hollow mesoporous silica
Iron impregnation
Renewable energy

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Cite this

Suryajaya, S. K., Mulyono, Y. R., Santoso, S. P., Yuliana, M., Kurniawan, A., Ayucitra, A., Sun, Y., Hartono, S. B., Soetaredjo, F. E., & Ismadji, S. (2021). Iron (II) impregnated double-shelled hollow mesoporous silica as acid-base bifunctional catalyst for the conversion of low-quality oil to methyl esters. Renewable Energy, 169, 1166-1174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.01.107

@article{bb3ddfe7b5bd4f2798229efff991f153,

title = "Iron (II) impregnated double-shelled hollow mesoporous silica as acid-base bifunctional catalyst for the conversion of low-quality oil to methyl esters",

abstract = "To promote the use of low-quality oils in producing biodiesel, a bifunctional acid-base catalyst Fe/DS-HMS-NH2 is fabricated using the two-step condensation technique. The obtained Fe/DS-HMS-NH2 is of a doubled shell structure in spherical shape with a uniform size of 156 nm. Its hollow core (with a diameter of 86 nm) and two spatial shells with different active sites enables the esterification and transesterification reactions to be accomplished in a one-pot synthesis. The influences of four independent reaction variables on the yield of fatty acid methyl esters YF was studied, including catalyst loading mc, reaction time t, reaction temperature T, and the methanol to degummed palm oil mass ratio rm/o. The highest yield was obtained at 85.36% (w/w) when mc = 6% (w/w), t = 4.5 h, T = 60 °C, and rm/o = 6:1. The Fe/DS-HMS-NH2 shows a good recyclability with YF > 80% (w/w) up to three reaction cycles.",

keywords = "Amine functionalization, Bifunctional catalyst, Biodiesel, Hollow mesoporous silica, Iron impregnation, Renewable energy",

author = "Suryajaya, {Stefanus Kevin} and Mulyono, {Yohanes Ricky} and Santoso, {Shella Permatasari} and Maria Yuliana and Alfin Kurniawan and Aning Ayucitra and Yueting Sun and Hartono, {Sandy Budi} and Soetaredjo, {Felycia Edi} and Suryadi Ismadji",

note = "Funding Information: The authors acknowledge the funding supports from Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya and World Class Research Program, Indonesian Ministry of Research and Technology , through the research grant no. 2263/WM01/N/2020 and 130B/WM01.5/N/2020 , respectively. We also thank Professor Chun-Hu Chen, National Sun Yat Sen University, and Taiwan Tech (National Taiwan University of Science and Technology) for providing the facility for the catalyst characterizations. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",

year = "2021",

month = may,

doi = "10.1016/j.renene.2021.01.107",

language = "English",

volume = "169",

pages = "1166--1174",

journal = "Renewable Energy",

issn = "0960-1481",

publisher = "Elsevier Korea",

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Suryajaya, SK, Mulyono, YR, Santoso, SP, Yuliana, M, Kurniawan, A, Ayucitra, A, Sun, Y, Hartono, SB, Soetaredjo, FE & Ismadji, S 2021, 'Iron (II) impregnated double-shelled hollow mesoporous silica as acid-base bifunctional catalyst for the conversion of low-quality oil to methyl esters', Renewable Energy, vol. 169, pp. 1166-1174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.01.107

TY - JOUR

T1 - Iron (II) impregnated double-shelled hollow mesoporous silica as acid-base bifunctional catalyst for the conversion of low-quality oil to methyl esters

AU - Suryajaya, Stefanus Kevin

AU - Mulyono, Yohanes Ricky

AU - Santoso, Shella Permatasari

AU - Yuliana, Maria

AU - Kurniawan, Alfin

AU - Ayucitra, Aning

AU - Sun, Yueting

AU - Hartono, Sandy Budi

AU - Soetaredjo, Felycia Edi

AU - Ismadji, Suryadi

N1 - Funding Information: The authors acknowledge the funding supports from Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya and World Class Research Program, Indonesian Ministry of Research and Technology , through the research grant no. 2263/WM01/N/2020 and 130B/WM01.5/N/2020 , respectively. We also thank Professor Chun-Hu Chen, National Sun Yat Sen University, and Taiwan Tech (National Taiwan University of Science and Technology) for providing the facility for the catalyst characterizations. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

PY - 2021/5

Y1 - 2021/5

N2 - To promote the use of low-quality oils in producing biodiesel, a bifunctional acid-base catalyst Fe/DS-HMS-NH2 is fabricated using the two-step condensation technique. The obtained Fe/DS-HMS-NH2 is of a doubled shell structure in spherical shape with a uniform size of 156 nm. Its hollow core (with a diameter of 86 nm) and two spatial shells with different active sites enables the esterification and transesterification reactions to be accomplished in a one-pot synthesis. The influences of four independent reaction variables on the yield of fatty acid methyl esters YF was studied, including catalyst loading mc, reaction time t, reaction temperature T, and the methanol to degummed palm oil mass ratio rm/o. The highest yield was obtained at 85.36% (w/w) when mc = 6% (w/w), t = 4.5 h, T = 60 °C, and rm/o = 6:1. The Fe/DS-HMS-NH2 shows a good recyclability with YF > 80% (w/w) up to three reaction cycles.

AB - To promote the use of low-quality oils in producing biodiesel, a bifunctional acid-base catalyst Fe/DS-HMS-NH2 is fabricated using the two-step condensation technique. The obtained Fe/DS-HMS-NH2 is of a doubled shell structure in spherical shape with a uniform size of 156 nm. Its hollow core (with a diameter of 86 nm) and two spatial shells with different active sites enables the esterification and transesterification reactions to be accomplished in a one-pot synthesis. The influences of four independent reaction variables on the yield of fatty acid methyl esters YF was studied, including catalyst loading mc, reaction time t, reaction temperature T, and the methanol to degummed palm oil mass ratio rm/o. The highest yield was obtained at 85.36% (w/w) when mc = 6% (w/w), t = 4.5 h, T = 60 °C, and rm/o = 6:1. The Fe/DS-HMS-NH2 shows a good recyclability with YF > 80% (w/w) up to three reaction cycles.

KW - Amine functionalization

KW - Bifunctional catalyst

KW - Biodiesel

KW - Hollow mesoporous silica

KW - Iron impregnation

KW - Renewable energy

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85099945644&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.renene.2021.01.107

DO - 10.1016/j.renene.2021.01.107

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85099945644

SN - 0960-1481

VL - 169

SP - 1166

EP - 1174

JO - Renewable Energy

JF - Renewable Energy

ER -

Iron (II) impregnated double-shelled hollow mesoporous silica as acid-base bifunctional catalyst for the conversion of low-quality oil to methyl esters

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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