Iodine supplementation

Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production. Many areas of the world are at least mild-moderately iodine deficient with some regions still severely iodine deficient. Iodine supplementation, particularly through universal salt iodization, can be an extremely effective and relatively inexpensive method of correcting iodine deficiency. The benefits of correcting iodine insufficiency, particularly in pregnant women and children, can have dramatic positive effects on childhood cognitive development and other key outcomes such as growth. While the benefits of correcting iodine deficiency in severely iodine deficient regions are clear, the evidence for correcting mild-moderate iodine deficiency is less robust. Iodine supplementation requires careful introduction and monitoring to prevent over-replacement, which would mitigate against any benefits.