Inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases do not suppress progesterone-induced [Ca²⁺]i signalling in human spermatozoa

Previous studies have implicated receptor tyrosine kinases in progesterone-induced [Ca2+](i) signalling, and consequent induction of the acrosome reaction, in human spermatozoa. We have investigated the effects of tyrosine kinase inhibition on [Ca2+](i) responses in large numbers of individual human spermatozoa. Genistein (5, 50 and 250 mumol/l), art inhibitor of receptor-linked tyrosine kinases, significantly inhibited the progesterone-induced acrosome reaction (P <0.05). However, we could detect no effect of genistein on progesterone-induced [Ca2+](i) signalling. In control experiments, application of progesterone induced a significant transient [Ca2+](i) response in &SIM;77% of cells and a sustained [Ca2+](i) ramp/plateau in &SIM;48% of cells (n = 26; 5411 cells). In preparations pretreated with genistein (50 μmol/l), significant transient and sustained responses were detected in 69.5 and 39.1 % of cells respectively (n = 5; 1109 cells). The amplitudes of both transient and sustained [Ca2+](i) responses were similar in control and genistein-pretreated preparations. Tyrphostin A47 (100 μmol/l), another receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, also failed to inhibit either the transient or sustained [Ca2+](i) response (n = 3; 468 cells). Assessment of tyrosine phosphorylation of two sperm proteins (p105/81) showed greatly increased levels of phosphotyrosine in response to capacitation but a negligible increase in response to progesterone stimulation. Pretreatment with genistein (50 and 250 μmol/l) decreased capacitation-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and resulted in a loss of phosphorylation in response to progesterone treatment. We conclude that neither the transient nor sustained phases of the progesterone-induced [Ca2+](i) response require receptor tyrosine kinase signalling. Previous reports of modulation of the progesterone-induced [Ca2+](i) signal by tyrosine kinase inhibition probably reflect inhibition of the acrosome reaction.