Impaired protein hydroxylase activity causes replication stress and developmental abnormalities in humans

Sally C Fletcher, Charlotte Hall, Tristan J Kennedy, Sander Pajusalu, Monica H Wojcik, Uncaar Boora, Chan Li, Kaisa Teele Oja, Eline Hendrix, Christian Ae Westrip, Regina Andrijes, Sonia K Piasecka, Mansi Singh, Mohammed E El-Asrag, Anetta Ptasinska, Vallo Tillmann, Martin R Higgs, Deanna A Carere, Andrew D Beggs, John PappasRachel Rabin, Stephen J Smerdon, Grant S Stewart, Katrin Õunap, Mathew L Coleman*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

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Abstract

Although protein hydroxylation is a relatively poorly characterized posttranslational modification, it has received significant recent attention following seminal work uncovering its role in oxygen sensing and hypoxia biology. Although the fundamental importance of protein hydroxylases in biology is becoming clear, the biochemical targets and cellular functions often remain enigmatic. JMJD5 is a "JmjC-only" protein hydroxylase that is essential for murine embryonic development and viability. However, no germline variants in JmjC-only hydroxylases, including JMJD5, have yet been described that are associated with any human pathology. Here we demonstrate that biallelic germline JMJD5 pathogenic variants are deleterious to JMJD5 mRNA splicing, protein stability, and hydroxylase activity, resulting in a human developmental disorder characterized by severe failure to thrive, intellectual disability, and facial dysmorphism. We show that the underlying cellular phenotype is associated with increased DNA replication stress and that this is critically dependent on the protein hydroxylase activity of JMJD5. This work contributes to our growing understanding of the role and importance of protein hydroxylases in human development and disease.

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere152784
JournalJournal of Clinical Investigation
Volume133
Issue number7
Early online date16 Feb 2023
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 3 Apr 2023

Keywords

  • Humans
  • Animals
  • Mice
  • Histone Demethylases/genetics
  • Mixed Function Oxygenases/genetics
  • Protein Processing, Post-Translational

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