Identification of Radiopure Titanium for the LZ Dark Matter Experiment and Future Rare Event Searches

D. S. Akerib; C. W. Akerlof; D. Yu Akimov; S. K. Alsum; H. M. Araújo; I. J. Arnquist; M. Arthurs; X. Bai; A. J. Bailey; J. Balajthy; S. Balashov; M. J. Barry; J. Belle; P. Beltrame; T. Benson; E. P. Bernard; A. Bernstein; T. P. Biesiadzinski; K. E. Boast; A. Bolozdynya; B. Boxer; R. Bramante; P. Brás; J. H. Buckley; V. V. Bugaev; R. Bunker; S. Burdin; J. K. Busenitz; C. Carels; D. L. Carlsmith; B. Carlson; M. C. Carmona-Benitez; C. Chan; J. J. Cherwinka; A. A. Chiller; C. Chiller; A. Cottle; R. Coughlen; W. W. Craddock; A. Currie; C. E. Dahl; T. J. R. Davison; A. Dobi; J. E. Y. Dobson; E. Druszkiewicz; T. K. Edberg; W. R. Edwards; W. T. Emmet; C. H. Faham; S. Fiorucci; T. Fruth; R. J. Gaitskell; N. J. Gantos; V. M. Gehman; R. M. Gerhard; C. Ghag; M. G. D. Gilchriese; B. Gomber; C. R. Hall; S. Hans; K. Hanzel; S. J. Haselschwardt; S. A. Hertel; S. Hillbrand; C. Hjemfelt; M. D. Hoff; B. Holbrook; E. Holtom; E. W. Hoppe; J. Y-K Hor; M. Horn; D. Q. Huang; T. W. Hurteau; C. M. Ignarra; R. G. Jacobsen; W. Ji; A. Kaboth; K. Kamdin; K. Kazkaz; D. Khaitan; A. Khazov; A. V. Khromov; A. M. Konovalov; E. V. Korolkova; M. Koyuncu; H. Kraus; H. J. Krebs; V. A. Kudryavtsev; A. V. Kumpan; S. Kyre; C. Lee; H. S. Lee; J. Lee; D. S. Leonard; R. Leonard; K. T. Lesko; C. Levy; F. -T. Liao; A. Lindote; R. E. Linehan; W. H. Lippincott; X. Liu; M. I. Lopes; B. Lopez Paredes; W. Lorenzon; S. Luitz; P. Majewski; A. Manalaysay; L. Manenti; R. L. Mannino; D. J. Markley; T. J. Martin; M. F. Marzioni; C. T. McConnell; D. N. McKinsey; D. -M. Mei; Y. Meng; E. H. Miller; E. Mizrachi; J. Mock; M. E. Monzani; J. A. Morad; B. J. Mount; A. St J. Murphy; C. Nehrkorn; H. N. Nelson; F. Neves; J. A. Nikkel; J. O'Dell; K. O'Sullivan; I. Olcina; M. A. Olevitch; K. C. Oliver-Mallory; K. J. Palladino; E. K. Pease; A. Piepke; S. Powell; R. M. Preece; K. Pushkin; B. N. Ratcliff; J. Reichenbacher; L. Reichhart; C. A. Rhyne; A. Richards; J. P. Rodrigues; H. J. Rose; R. Rosero; P. Rossiter; J. S. Saba; M. Sarychev; R. W. Schnee; M. Schubnell; P. R. Scovell; S. Shaw; T. A. Shutt; C. Silva; K. Skarpaas; W. Skulski; M. Solmaz; V. N. Solovov; P. Sorensen; V. V. Sosnovtsev; I. Stancu; M. R. Stark; S. Stephenson; T. M. Stiegler; K. Stifter; T. J. Sumner; M. Szydagis; D. J. Taylor; W. C. Taylor; D. Temples; P. A. Terman; K. J. Thomas; J. A. Thomson; D. R. Tiedt; M. Timalsina; W. H. To; A. Tomás; T. E. Tope; M. Tripathi; L. Tvrznikova; J. Va'vra; A. Vacheret; M. G. D. van der Grinten; J. R. Verbus; C. O. Vuosalo; W. L. Waldron; R. Wang; R. Watson; R. C. Webb; W. -Z. Wei; M. While; D. T. White; T. J. Whitis; W. J. Wisniewski; M. S. Witherell; F. L. H. Wolfs; D. Woodward; S. Worm; J. Xu; M. Yeh; C. Zhang; Junsong Lin; J Yin

doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2017.09.002

Identification of Radiopure Titanium for the LZ Dark Matter Experiment and Future Rare Event Searches

D. S. Akerib, C. W. Akerlof, D. Yu Akimov, S. K. Alsum, H. M. Araújo, I. J. Arnquist, M. Arthurs, X. Bai, A. J. Bailey, J. Balajthy, S. Balashov, M. J. Barry, J. Belle, P. Beltrame, T. Benson, E. P. Bernard, A. Bernstein, T. P. Biesiadzinski, K. E. Boast, A. BolozdynyaB. Boxer, R. Bramante, P. Brás, J. H. Buckley, V. V. Bugaev, R. Bunker, S. Burdin, J. K. Busenitz, C. Carels, D. L. Carlsmith, B. Carlson, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, C. Chan, J. J. Cherwinka, A. A. Chiller, C. Chiller, A. Cottle, R. Coughlen, W. W. Craddock, A. Currie, C. E. Dahl, T. J. R. Davison, A. Dobi, J. E. Y. Dobson, E. Druszkiewicz, T. K. Edberg, W. R. Edwards, W. T. Emmet, C. H. Faham, S. Fiorucci, T. Fruth, R. J. Gaitskell, N. J. Gantos, V. M. Gehman, R. M. Gerhard, C. Ghag, M. G. D. Gilchriese, B. Gomber, C. R. Hall, S. Hans, K. Hanzel, S. J. Haselschwardt, S. A. Hertel, S. Hillbrand, C. Hjemfelt, M. D. Hoff, B. Holbrook, E. Holtom, E. W. Hoppe, J. Y-K Hor, M. Horn, D. Q. Huang, T. W. Hurteau, C. M. Ignarra, R. G. Jacobsen, W. Ji, A. Kaboth, K. Kamdin, K. Kazkaz, D. Khaitan, A. Khazov, A. V. Khromov, A. M. Konovalov, E. V. Korolkova, M. Koyuncu, H. Kraus, H. J. Krebs, V. A. Kudryavtsev, A. V. Kumpan, S. Kyre, C. Lee, H. S. Lee, J. Lee, D. S. Leonard, R. Leonard, K. T. Lesko, C. Levy, F. -T. Liao, A. Lindote, R. E. Linehan, W. H. Lippincott, X. Liu, M. I. Lopes, B. Lopez Paredes, W. Lorenzon, S. Luitz, P. Majewski, A. Manalaysay, L. Manenti, R. L. Mannino, D. J. Markley, T. J. Martin, M. F. Marzioni, C. T. McConnell, D. N. McKinsey, D. -M. Mei, Y. Meng, E. H. Miller, E. Mizrachi, J. Mock, M. E. Monzani, J. A. Morad, B. J. Mount, A. St J. Murphy, C. Nehrkorn, H. N. Nelson, F. Neves, J. A. Nikkel, J. O'Dell, K. O'Sullivan, I. Olcina, M. A. Olevitch, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, K. J. Palladino, E. K. Pease, A. Piepke, S. Powell, R. M. Preece, K. Pushkin, B. N. Ratcliff, J. Reichenbacher, L. Reichhart, C. A. Rhyne, A. Richards, J. P. Rodrigues, H. J. Rose, R. Rosero, P. Rossiter, J. S. Saba, M. Sarychev, R. W. Schnee, M. Schubnell, P. R. Scovell, S. Shaw, T. A. Shutt, C. Silva, K. Skarpaas, W. Skulski, M. Solmaz, V. N. Solovov, P. Sorensen, V. V. Sosnovtsev, I. Stancu, M. R. Stark, S. Stephenson, T. M. Stiegler, K. Stifter, T. J. Sumner, M. Szydagis, D. J. Taylor, W. C. Taylor, D. Temples, P. A. Terman, K. J. Thomas, J. A. Thomson, D. R. Tiedt, M. Timalsina, W. H. To, A. Tomás, T. E. Tope, M. Tripathi, L. Tvrznikova, J. Va'vra, A. Vacheret, M. G. D. van der Grinten, J. R. Verbus, C. O. Vuosalo, W. L. Waldron, R. Wang, R. Watson, R. C. Webb, W. -Z. Wei, M. While, D. T. White, T. J. Whitis, W. J. Wisniewski, M. S. Witherell, F. L. H. Wolfs, D. Woodward, S. Worm, J. Xu, M. Yeh, C. Zhang, Junsong Lin, J Yin

Physics and Astronomy

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

15 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment will search for dark matter particle interactions with a detector containing a total of 10 tonnes of liquid xenon within a double-vessel cryostat. The large mass and proximity of the cryostat to the active detector volume demand the use of material with extremely low intrinsic radioactivity. We report on the radioassay campaign conducted to identify suitable metals, the determination of factors limiting radiopure production, and the selection of titanium for construction of the LZ cryostat and other detector components. This titanium has been measured with activities of 238Ue < 1.6 mBq/kg, 238Ul < 0.09 mBq/kg, 232The = 0.28 ± 0.03 mBq/kg, 232Thl = 0.25 ± 0.02 mBq/kg, 40K < 0.54 mBq/kg, and 60Co < 0.02 mBq/kg (68% CL). Such low intrinsic activities, which are some of the lowest ever reported for titanium, enable its use for future dark matter and other rare event searches. Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to assess the expected background contribution from the LZ cryostat with this radioactivity. In 1,000 days of WIMP search exposure of a 5.6-tonne fiducial mass, the cryostat will contribute only a mean background of 0.160 ± 0.001(stat) ± 0.030(sys) counts.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1-10
Journal	Astroparticle Physics
Volume	96
Early online date	25 Sept 2017
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2017.09.002
Publication status	Published - 1 Nov 2017

Bibliographical note

13 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics

Keywords

physics.ins-det
hep-ex

Access to Document

10.1016/j.astropartphys.2017.09.002Licence: None: All rights reserved

Cite this

Akerib, D. S., Akerlof, C. W., Akimov, D. Y., Alsum, S. K., Araújo, H. M., Arnquist, I. J., Arthurs, M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Balashov, S., Barry, M. J., Belle, J., Beltrame, P., Benson, T., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boast, K. E., ... Yin, J. (2017). Identification of Radiopure Titanium for the LZ Dark Matter Experiment and Future Rare Event Searches. Astroparticle Physics, 96, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2017.09.002

@article{6362c532bba240e19b81cefc9fa85013,

title = "Identification of Radiopure Titanium for the LZ Dark Matter Experiment and Future Rare Event Searches",

abstract = "The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment will search for dark matter particle interactions with a detector containing a total of 10 tonnes of liquid xenon within a double-vessel cryostat. The large mass and proximity of the cryostat to the active detector volume demand the use of material with extremely low intrinsic radioactivity. We report on the radioassay campaign conducted to identify suitable metals, the determination of factors limiting radiopure production, and the selection of titanium for construction of the LZ cryostat and other detector components. This titanium has been measured with activities of 238Ue < 1.6 mBq/kg, 238Ul < 0.09 mBq/kg, 232The = 0.28 ± 0.03 mBq/kg, 232Thl = 0.25 ± 0.02 mBq/kg, 40K < 0.54 mBq/kg, and 60Co < 0.02 mBq/kg (68% CL). Such low intrinsic activities, which are some of the lowest ever reported for titanium, enable its use for future dark matter and other rare event searches. Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to assess the expected background contribution from the LZ cryostat with this radioactivity. In 1,000 days of WIMP search exposure of a 5.6-tonne fiducial mass, the cryostat will contribute only a mean background of 0.160 ± 0.001(stat) ± 0.030(sys) counts.",

keywords = "physics.ins-det, hep-ex",

author = "Akerib, {D. S.} and Akerlof, {C. W.} and Akimov, {D. Yu} and Alsum, {S. K.} and Ara{\'u}jo, {H. M.} and Arnquist, {I. J.} and M. Arthurs and X. Bai and Bailey, {A. J.} and J. Balajthy and S. Balashov and Barry, {M. J.} and J. Belle and P. Beltrame and T. Benson and Bernard, {E. P.} and A. Bernstein and Biesiadzinski, {T. P.} and Boast, {K. E.} and A. Bolozdynya and B. Boxer and R. Bramante and P. Br{\'a}s and Buckley, {J. H.} and Bugaev, {V. V.} and R. Bunker and S. Burdin and Busenitz, {J. K.} and C. Carels and Carlsmith, {D. L.} and B. Carlson and Carmona-Benitez, {M. C.} and C. Chan and Cherwinka, {J. J.} and Chiller, {A. A.} and C. Chiller and A. Cottle and R. Coughlen and Craddock, {W. W.} and A. Currie and Dahl, {C. E.} and Davison, {T. J. R.} and A. Dobi and Dobson, {J. E. Y.} and E. Druszkiewicz and Edberg, {T. K.} and Edwards, {W. R.} and Emmet, {W. T.} and Faham, {C. H.} and S. Fiorucci and T. Fruth and Gaitskell, {R. J.} and Gantos, {N. J.} and Gehman, {V. M.} and Gerhard, {R. M.} and C. Ghag and Gilchriese, {M. G. D.} and B. Gomber and Hall, {C. R.} and S. Hans and K. Hanzel and Haselschwardt, {S. J.} and Hertel, {S. A.} and S. Hillbrand and C. Hjemfelt and Hoff, {M. D.} and B. Holbrook and E. Holtom and Hoppe, {E. W.} and Hor, {J. Y-K} and M. Horn and Huang, {D. Q.} and Hurteau, {T. W.} and Ignarra, {C. M.} and Jacobsen, {R. G.} and W. Ji and A. Kaboth and K. Kamdin and K. Kazkaz and D. Khaitan and A. Khazov and Khromov, {A. V.} and Konovalov, {A. M.} and Korolkova, {E. V.} and M. Koyuncu and H. Kraus and Krebs, {H. J.} and Kudryavtsev, {V. A.} and Kumpan, {A. V.} and S. Kyre and C. Lee and Lee, {H. S.} and J. Lee and Leonard, {D. S.} and R. Leonard and Lesko, {K. T.} and C. Levy and Liao, {F. -T.} and A. Lindote and Linehan, {R. E.} and Lippincott, {W. H.} and X. Liu and Lopes, {M. I.} and Paredes, {B. Lopez} and W. Lorenzon and S. Luitz and P. Majewski and A. Manalaysay and L. Manenti and Mannino, {R. L.} and Markley, {D. J.} and Martin, {T. J.} and Marzioni, {M. F.} and McConnell, {C. T.} and McKinsey, {D. N.} and Mei, {D. -M.} and Y. Meng and Miller, {E. H.} and E. Mizrachi and J. Mock and Monzani, {M. E.} and Morad, {J. A.} and Mount, {B. J.} and Murphy, {A. St J.} and C. Nehrkorn and Nelson, {H. N.} and F. Neves and Nikkel, {J. A.} and J. O'Dell and K. O'Sullivan and I. Olcina and Olevitch, {M. A.} and Oliver-Mallory, {K. C.} and Palladino, {K. J.} and Pease, {E. K.} and A. Piepke and S. Powell and Preece, {R. M.} and K. Pushkin and Ratcliff, {B. N.} and J. Reichenbacher and L. Reichhart and Rhyne, {C. A.} and A. Richards and Rodrigues, {J. P.} and Rose, {H. J.} and R. Rosero and P. Rossiter and Saba, {J. S.} and M. Sarychev and Schnee, {R. W.} and M. Schubnell and Scovell, {P. R.} and S. Shaw and Shutt, {T. A.} and C. Silva and K. Skarpaas and W. Skulski and M. Solmaz and Solovov, {V. N.} and P. Sorensen and Sosnovtsev, {V. V.} and I. Stancu and Stark, {M. R.} and S. Stephenson and Stiegler, {T. M.} and K. Stifter and Sumner, {T. J.} and M. Szydagis and Taylor, {D. J.} and Taylor, {W. C.} and D. Temples and Terman, {P. A.} and Thomas, {K. J.} and Thomson, {J. A.} and Tiedt, {D. R.} and M. Timalsina and To, {W. H.} and A. Tom{\'a}s and Tope, {T. E.} and M. Tripathi and L. Tvrznikova and J. Va'vra and A. Vacheret and Grinten, {M. G. D. van der} and Verbus, {J. R.} and Vuosalo, {C. O.} and Waldron, {W. L.} and R. Wang and R. Watson and Webb, {R. C.} and Wei, {W. -Z.} and M. While and White, {D. T.} and Whitis, {T. J.} and Wisniewski, {W. J.} and Witherell, {M. S.} and Wolfs, {F. L. H.} and D. Woodward and S. Worm and J. Xu and M. Yeh and C. Zhang and Junsong Lin and J Yin",

note = "13 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics",

year = "2017",

month = nov,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.astropartphys.2017.09.002",

language = "English",

volume = "96",

pages = "1--10",

journal = "Astroparticle Physics",

issn = "0927-6505",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

Akerib, DS, Akerlof, CW, Akimov, DY, Alsum, SK, Araújo, HM, Arnquist, IJ, Arthurs, M, Bai, X, Bailey, AJ, Balajthy, J, Balashov, S, Barry, MJ, Belle, J, Beltrame, P, Benson, T, Bernard, EP, Bernstein, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Boast, KE, Bolozdynya, A, Boxer, B, Bramante, R, Brás, P, Buckley, JH, Bugaev, VV, Bunker, R, Burdin, S, Busenitz, JK, Carels, C, Carlsmith, DL, Carlson, B, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chan, C, Cherwinka, JJ, Chiller, AA, Chiller, C, Cottle, A, Coughlen, R, Craddock, WW, Currie, A, Dahl, CE, Davison, TJR, Dobi, A, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Edberg, TK, Edwards, WR, Emmet, WT, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Fruth, T, Gaitskell, RJ, Gantos, NJ, Gehman, VM, Gerhard, RM, Ghag, C, Gilchriese, MGD, Gomber, B, Hall, CR, Hans, S, Hanzel, K, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hertel, SA, Hillbrand, S, Hjemfelt, C, Hoff, MD, Holbrook, B, Holtom, E, Hoppe, EW, Hor, JY-K, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Hurteau, TW, Ignarra, CM, Jacobsen, RG, Ji, W, Kaboth, A, Kamdin, K, Kazkaz, K, Khaitan, D, Khazov, A, Khromov, AV, Konovalov, AM, Korolkova, EV, Koyuncu, M, Kraus, H, Krebs, HJ, Kudryavtsev, VA, Kumpan, AV, Kyre, S, Lee, C, Lee, HS, Lee, J, Leonard, DS, Leonard, R, Lesko, KT, Levy, C, Liao, F-T, Lindote, A, Linehan, RE, Lippincott, WH, Liu, X, Lopes, MI, Paredes, BL, Lorenzon, W, Luitz, S, Majewski, P, Manalaysay, A, Manenti, L, Mannino, RL, Markley, DJ, Martin, TJ, Marzioni, MF, McConnell, CT, McKinsey, DN, Mei, D-M, Meng, Y, Miller, EH, Mizrachi, E, Mock, J, Monzani, ME, Morad, JA, Mount, BJ, Murphy, ASJ, Nehrkorn, C, Nelson, HN, Neves, F, Nikkel, JA, O'Dell, J, O'Sullivan, K, Olcina, I, Olevitch, MA, Oliver-Mallory, KC, Palladino, KJ, Pease, EK, Piepke, A, Powell, S, Preece, RM, Pushkin, K, Ratcliff, BN, Reichenbacher, J, Reichhart, L, Rhyne, CA, Richards, A, Rodrigues, JP, Rose, HJ, Rosero, R, Rossiter, P, Saba, JS, Sarychev, M, Schnee, RW, Schubnell, M, Scovell, PR, Shaw, S, Shutt, TA, Silva, C, Skarpaas, K, Skulski, W, Solmaz, M, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, Sosnovtsev, VV, Stancu, I, Stark, MR, Stephenson, S, Stiegler, TM, Stifter, K, Sumner, TJ, Szydagis, M, Taylor, DJ, Taylor, WC, Temples, D, Terman, PA, Thomas, KJ, Thomson, JA, Tiedt, DR, Timalsina, M, To, WH, Tomás, A, Tope, TE, Tripathi, M, Tvrznikova, L, Va'vra, J, Vacheret, A, Grinten, MGDVD, Verbus, JR, Vuosalo, CO, Waldron, WL, Wang, R, Watson, R, Webb, RC, Wei, W-Z, While, M, White, DT, Whitis, TJ, Wisniewski, WJ, Witherell, MS, Wolfs, FLH, Woodward, D, Worm, S, Xu, J, Yeh, M, Zhang, C, Lin, J & Yin, J 2017, 'Identification of Radiopure Titanium for the LZ Dark Matter Experiment and Future Rare Event Searches', Astroparticle Physics, vol. 96, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2017.09.002

TY - JOUR

T1 - Identification of Radiopure Titanium for the LZ Dark Matter Experiment and Future Rare Event Searches

AU - Akerib, D. S.

AU - Akerlof, C. W.

AU - Akimov, D. Yu

AU - Alsum, S. K.

AU - Araújo, H. M.

AU - Arnquist, I. J.

AU - Arthurs, M.

AU - Bai, X.

AU - Bailey, A. J.

AU - Balajthy, J.

AU - Balashov, S.

AU - Barry, M. J.

AU - Belle, J.

AU - Beltrame, P.

AU - Benson, T.

AU - Bernard, E. P.

AU - Bernstein, A.

AU - Biesiadzinski, T. P.

AU - Boast, K. E.

AU - Bolozdynya, A.

AU - Boxer, B.

AU - Bramante, R.

AU - Brás, P.

AU - Buckley, J. H.

AU - Bugaev, V. V.

AU - Bunker, R.

AU - Burdin, S.

AU - Busenitz, J. K.

AU - Carels, C.

AU - Carlsmith, D. L.

AU - Carlson, B.

AU - Carmona-Benitez, M. C.

AU - Chan, C.

AU - Cherwinka, J. J.

AU - Chiller, A. A.

AU - Chiller, C.

AU - Cottle, A.

AU - Coughlen, R.

AU - Craddock, W. W.

AU - Currie, A.

AU - Dahl, C. E.

AU - Davison, T. J. R.

AU - Dobi, A.

AU - Dobson, J. E. Y.

AU - Druszkiewicz, E.

AU - Edberg, T. K.

AU - Edwards, W. R.

AU - Emmet, W. T.

AU - Faham, C. H.

AU - Fiorucci, S.

AU - Fruth, T.

AU - Gaitskell, R. J.

AU - Gantos, N. J.

AU - Gehman, V. M.

AU - Gerhard, R. M.

AU - Ghag, C.

AU - Gilchriese, M. G. D.

AU - Gomber, B.

AU - Hall, C. R.

AU - Hans, S.

AU - Hanzel, K.

AU - Haselschwardt, S. J.

AU - Hertel, S. A.

AU - Hillbrand, S.

AU - Hjemfelt, C.

AU - Hoff, M. D.

AU - Holbrook, B.

AU - Holtom, E.

AU - Hoppe, E. W.

AU - Hor, J. Y-K

AU - Horn, M.

AU - Huang, D. Q.

AU - Hurteau, T. W.

AU - Ignarra, C. M.

AU - Jacobsen, R. G.

AU - Ji, W.

AU - Kaboth, A.

AU - Kamdin, K.

AU - Kazkaz, K.

AU - Khaitan, D.

AU - Khazov, A.

AU - Khromov, A. V.

AU - Konovalov, A. M.

AU - Korolkova, E. V.

AU - Koyuncu, M.

AU - Kraus, H.

AU - Krebs, H. J.

AU - Kudryavtsev, V. A.

AU - Kumpan, A. V.

AU - Kyre, S.

AU - Lee, C.

AU - Lee, H. S.

AU - Lee, J.

AU - Leonard, D. S.

AU - Leonard, R.

AU - Lesko, K. T.

AU - Levy, C.

AU - Liao, F. -T.

AU - Lindote, A.

AU - Linehan, R. E.

AU - Lippincott, W. H.

AU - Liu, X.

AU - Lopes, M. I.

AU - Paredes, B. Lopez

AU - Lorenzon, W.

AU - Luitz, S.

AU - Majewski, P.

AU - Manalaysay, A.

AU - Manenti, L.

AU - Mannino, R. L.

AU - Markley, D. J.

AU - Martin, T. J.

AU - Marzioni, M. F.

AU - McConnell, C. T.

AU - McKinsey, D. N.

AU - Mei, D. -M.

AU - Meng, Y.

AU - Miller, E. H.

AU - Mizrachi, E.

AU - Mock, J.

AU - Monzani, M. E.

AU - Morad, J. A.

AU - Mount, B. J.

AU - Murphy, A. St J.

AU - Nehrkorn, C.

AU - Nelson, H. N.

AU - Neves, F.

AU - Nikkel, J. A.

AU - O'Dell, J.

AU - O'Sullivan, K.

AU - Olcina, I.

AU - Olevitch, M. A.

AU - Oliver-Mallory, K. C.

AU - Palladino, K. J.

AU - Pease, E. K.

AU - Piepke, A.

AU - Powell, S.

AU - Preece, R. M.

AU - Pushkin, K.

AU - Ratcliff, B. N.

AU - Reichenbacher, J.

AU - Reichhart, L.

AU - Rhyne, C. A.

AU - Richards, A.

AU - Rodrigues, J. P.

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N1 - 13 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics

PY - 2017/11/1

Y1 - 2017/11/1

N2 - The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment will search for dark matter particle interactions with a detector containing a total of 10 tonnes of liquid xenon within a double-vessel cryostat. The large mass and proximity of the cryostat to the active detector volume demand the use of material with extremely low intrinsic radioactivity. We report on the radioassay campaign conducted to identify suitable metals, the determination of factors limiting radiopure production, and the selection of titanium for construction of the LZ cryostat and other detector components. This titanium has been measured with activities of 238Ue < 1.6 mBq/kg, 238Ul < 0.09 mBq/kg, 232The = 0.28 ± 0.03 mBq/kg, 232Thl = 0.25 ± 0.02 mBq/kg, 40K < 0.54 mBq/kg, and 60Co < 0.02 mBq/kg (68% CL). Such low intrinsic activities, which are some of the lowest ever reported for titanium, enable its use for future dark matter and other rare event searches. Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to assess the expected background contribution from the LZ cryostat with this radioactivity. In 1,000 days of WIMP search exposure of a 5.6-tonne fiducial mass, the cryostat will contribute only a mean background of 0.160 ± 0.001(stat) ± 0.030(sys) counts.

AB - The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment will search for dark matter particle interactions with a detector containing a total of 10 tonnes of liquid xenon within a double-vessel cryostat. The large mass and proximity of the cryostat to the active detector volume demand the use of material with extremely low intrinsic radioactivity. We report on the radioassay campaign conducted to identify suitable metals, the determination of factors limiting radiopure production, and the selection of titanium for construction of the LZ cryostat and other detector components. This titanium has been measured with activities of 238Ue < 1.6 mBq/kg, 238Ul < 0.09 mBq/kg, 232The = 0.28 ± 0.03 mBq/kg, 232Thl = 0.25 ± 0.02 mBq/kg, 40K < 0.54 mBq/kg, and 60Co < 0.02 mBq/kg (68% CL). Such low intrinsic activities, which are some of the lowest ever reported for titanium, enable its use for future dark matter and other rare event searches. Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to assess the expected background contribution from the LZ cryostat with this radioactivity. In 1,000 days of WIMP search exposure of a 5.6-tonne fiducial mass, the cryostat will contribute only a mean background of 0.160 ± 0.001(stat) ± 0.030(sys) counts.

KW - physics.ins-det

KW - hep-ex

U2 - 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2017.09.002

DO - 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2017.09.002

M3 - Article

SN - 0927-6505

VL - 96

SP - 1

EP - 10

JO - Astroparticle Physics

JF - Astroparticle Physics

ER -

Identification of Radiopure Titanium for the LZ Dark Matter Experiment and Future Rare Event Searches

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