How Travel Time, Cost, and Attitudes impact Travel Behaviour in Developing Countries: A case study in Bangkok, Thailand

As travel behaviour in developing countries remains relatively unexplored, the present study aims to understand attitudes towards the environment, accessibility, convenience, and safety and their influence on individual travel behaviour. A questionnaire was designed and executed to generate a sample of 648 respondents from the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, between April and May 2021, and subsequently analysed. The results showed that attitudes were influenced by a combination of demographic factors (gender and age), travel related attributes including cost and time, and mode of transport used. Age and transport mode were found to be particularly influential in determining priorities for safety, environment and health, and accessibility, while gender differences are most evident in accessibility preferences. These findings highlight the importance of considering a range of demographic and behavioural factors when designing policies or interventions to address travel attitudes, to meet user needs and to promote sustainable transport systems.