TY - JOUR
T1 - Gliese 12 b, a temperate Earth-sized planet at 12 parsecs discovered with TESS and CHEOPS
AU - Dholakia, Shishir
AU - Palethorpe, Larissa
AU - Venner, Alexander
AU - Mortier, Annelies
AU - Wilson, Thomas G
AU - Huang, Chelsea X
AU - Rice, Ken
AU - Van Eylen, Vincent
AU - Nabbie, Emma
AU - Cloutier, Ryan
AU - Boschin, Walter
AU - Ciardi, David
AU - Delrez, Laetitia
AU - Dransfield, Georgina
AU - Ducrot, Elsa
AU - Essack, Zahra
AU - Everett, Mark E
AU - Gillon, Michaël
AU - Hooton, Matthew J
AU - Kunimoto, Michelle
AU - Latham, David W
AU - López-Morales, Mercedes
AU - Li, Bin
AU - Li, Fan
AU - McDermott, Scott
AU - Murphy, Simon J
AU - Murray, Catriona A
AU - Seager, Sara
AU - Timmermans, Mathilde
AU - Triaud, Amaury
AU - Turner, Daisy A
AU - Twicken, Joseph D
AU - Vanderburg, Andrew
AU - Wang, Su
AU - Wittenmyer, Robert A
AU - Wright, Duncan
PY - 2024/6
Y1 - 2024/6
N2 - We report on the discovery of Gliese 12 b, the nearest transiting temperate, Earth-sized planet found to date. Gliese 12 is a bright (V = 12.6 mag, K = 7.8 mag) metal-poor M4V star only 12.162 ± 0.005 pc away from the Solar system with one of the lowest stellar activity levels known for M-dwarfs. A planet candidate was detected by TESS based on only 3 transits in sectors 42, 43, and 57, with an ambiguity in the orbital period due to observational gaps. We performed follow-up transit observations with CHEOPS and ground-based photometry with MINERVA-Australis, SPECULOOS, and Purple Mountain Observatory, as well as further TESS observations in sector 70. We statistically validate Gliese 12 b as a planet with an orbital period of 12.76144 ± 0.00006 d and a radius of 1.0 ± 0.1 R⊕, resulting in an equilibrium temperature of ∼315 K. Gliese 12 b has excellent future prospects for precise mass measurement, which may inform how planetary internal structure is affected by the stellar compositional environment. Gliese 12 b also represents one of the best targets to study whether Earth-like planets orbiting cool stars can retain their atmospheres, a crucial step to advance our understanding of habitability on Earth and across the galaxy.
AB - We report on the discovery of Gliese 12 b, the nearest transiting temperate, Earth-sized planet found to date. Gliese 12 is a bright (V = 12.6 mag, K = 7.8 mag) metal-poor M4V star only 12.162 ± 0.005 pc away from the Solar system with one of the lowest stellar activity levels known for M-dwarfs. A planet candidate was detected by TESS based on only 3 transits in sectors 42, 43, and 57, with an ambiguity in the orbital period due to observational gaps. We performed follow-up transit observations with CHEOPS and ground-based photometry with MINERVA-Australis, SPECULOOS, and Purple Mountain Observatory, as well as further TESS observations in sector 70. We statistically validate Gliese 12 b as a planet with an orbital period of 12.76144 ± 0.00006 d and a radius of 1.0 ± 0.1 R⊕, resulting in an equilibrium temperature of ∼315 K. Gliese 12 b has excellent future prospects for precise mass measurement, which may inform how planetary internal structure is affected by the stellar compositional environment. Gliese 12 b also represents one of the best targets to study whether Earth-like planets orbiting cool stars can retain their atmospheres, a crucial step to advance our understanding of habitability on Earth and across the galaxy.
KW - planets and satellites: detection
KW - planets and satellites: terrestrial planets
KW - techniques: photometric
KW - stars: individual: Gliese 12
KW - planets and satellites: individual: Gliese 12 b
U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stae1152
DO - 10.1093/mnras/stae1152
M3 - Article
SN - 0035-8711
VL - 531
SP - 1276
EP - 1293
JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
IS - 1
ER -