Gingival and Periodontal Diseases and Conditions in Children and Adolescents: Consensus Report

Iain Chapple; Sotiria Gizani; Mariano Sanz; Dominique Declerck; Phoebus Madianos; Valerie Clerehugh; Monique Danser; Esti Davidovich; Janet Davies; Nikos Donos; Elisabeth Dursun; Elena Figuero; Filippo Graziani; Mervi Gursoy; Soren Jepsen; Clara Joseph; Moritz Kebschull; Norbert Kraemer; Tina Lambrinaki; Rodrigo Lopez; David J. Manton; Joerg Meyle; Ana Molina; Lior Shapira; Cheryl Somani; Georgios Tsilingaridis; Svante Twetman; Nicola West; Biniyam Wondimu; Ferranti Wong; David Herrera

doi:10.1111/jcpe.70033

Gingival and Periodontal Diseases and Conditions in Children and Adolescents: Consensus Report

Iain Chapple
, Sotiria Gizani
, Mariano Sanz
, Dominique Declerck
, Phoebus Madianos
, Valerie Clerehugh
, Monique Danser
, Esti Davidovich
, Janet Davies
, Nikos Donos
, Elisabeth Dursun
, Elena Figuero
, Filippo Graziani
, Mervi Gursoy
, Soren Jepsen
, Clara Joseph
, Moritz Kebschull
, Norbert Kraemer
, Tina Lambrinaki
, Rodrigo Lopez

David J. Manton, Joerg Meyle, Ana Molina, Lior Shapira, Cheryl Somani, Georgios Tsilingaridis, Svante Twetman, Nicola West, Biniyam Wondimu, Ferranti Wong, David Herrera^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Dentistry

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

Background: The objectives of this Focused Workshop were to update the epidemiology, aetiology, risk factors, diagnosis and management of gingival and periodontal diseases and conditions in children and adolescents, and to explore the applicability of the 2018 Classification in children and adolescents.

Methods: The Workshop discussions were informed by three specifically commissioned systematic reviews covering gingival and periodontal diseases and conditions, in systemically healthy children and adolescents, or in children and adolescents with systemic conditions.

Results: Over 70 genetic, congenital and acquired systemic conditions that impact the periodontal tissues were identified, with levels of evidence graded as very low, low or moderate. Gingival diseases and conditions in systemically healthy children and adolescents were identified, alongside local predisposing and systemic modifying factors. Periodontitis and other periodontal conditions in the 2018 Classification System also apply to children and adolescents; however, there are challenges with periodontal probing in the primary and mixed dentition.

Conclusions: Periodontal tissues in children and adolescents differ from those in adults and require special consideration, accounting for their stage of development and predisposing and modifying factors unique to younger patients, which may confound accurate diagnosis, prognostication and management. Specific approaches to screening, examination and treatment are necessary for safe and effective management in this patient group.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1068-1099
Number of pages	32
Journal	Journal of Clinical Periodontology
Volume	53
Issue number	7
Early online date	15 Apr 2026
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.70033
Publication status	Published - Jul 2026

Keywords

therapy
periodontitis
gingivitis
children
periodontal diseases
gingival diseases
adolescents
diagnosis
epidemiology

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Chapple, I., Gizani, S., Sanz, M., Declerck, D., Madianos, P., Clerehugh, V., Danser, M., Davidovich, E., Davies, J., Donos, N., Dursun, E., Figuero, E., Graziani, F., Gursoy, M., Jepsen, S., Joseph, C., Kebschull, M., Kraemer, N., Lambrinaki, T., ... Herrera, D. (2026). Gingival and Periodontal Diseases and Conditions in Children and Adolescents: Consensus Report. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 53(7), 1068-1099. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.70033

@article{3a473bc61cc14284b74f038e28fecdc5,

title = "Gingival and Periodontal Diseases and Conditions in Children and Adolescents: Consensus Report",

abstract = "Background: The objectives of this Focused Workshop were to update the epidemiology, aetiology, risk factors, diagnosis and management of gingival and periodontal diseases and conditions in children and adolescents, and to explore the applicability of the 2018 Classification in children and adolescents. Methods: The Workshop discussions were informed by three specifically commissioned systematic reviews covering gingival and periodontal diseases and conditions, in systemically healthy children and adolescents, or in children and adolescents with systemic conditions. Results: Over 70 genetic, congenital and acquired systemic conditions that impact the periodontal tissues were identified, with levels of evidence graded as very low, low or moderate. Gingival diseases and conditions in systemically healthy children and adolescents were identified, alongside local predisposing and systemic modifying factors. Periodontitis and other periodontal conditions in the 2018 Classification System also apply to children and adolescents; however, there are challenges with periodontal probing in the primary and mixed dentition. Conclusions: Periodontal tissues in children and adolescents differ from those in adults and require special consideration, accounting for their stage of development and predisposing and modifying factors unique to younger patients, which may confound accurate diagnosis, prognostication and management. Specific approaches to screening, examination and treatment are necessary for safe and effective management in this patient group.",

keywords = "therapy, periodontitis, gingivitis, children, periodontal diseases, gingival diseases, adolescents, diagnosis, epidemiology",

author = "Iain Chapple and Sotiria Gizani and Mariano Sanz and Dominique Declerck and Phoebus Madianos and Valerie Clerehugh and Monique Danser and Esti Davidovich and Janet Davies and Nikos Donos and Elisabeth Dursun and Elena Figuero and Filippo Graziani and Mervi Gursoy and Soren Jepsen and Clara Joseph and Moritz Kebschull and Norbert Kraemer and Tina Lambrinaki and Rodrigo Lopez and Manton, \{David J.\} and Joerg Meyle and Ana Molina and Lior Shapira and Cheryl Somani and Georgios Tsilingaridis and Svante Twetman and Nicola West and Biniyam Wondimu and Ferranti Wong and David Herrera",

year = "2026",

month = jul,

doi = "10.1111/jcpe.70033",

language = "English",

volume = "53",

pages = "1068--1099",

journal = "Journal of Clinical Periodontology",

issn = "0303-6979",

publisher = "Wiley",

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Chapple, I, Gizani, S, Sanz, M, Declerck, D, Madianos, P, Clerehugh, V, Danser, M, Davidovich, E, Davies, J, Donos, N, Dursun, E, Figuero, E, Graziani, F, Gursoy, M, Jepsen, S, Joseph, C, Kebschull, M, Kraemer, N, Lambrinaki, T, Lopez, R, Manton, DJ, Meyle, J, Molina, A, Shapira, L, Somani, C, Tsilingaridis, G, Twetman, S, West, N, Wondimu, B, Wong, F & Herrera, D 2026, 'Gingival and Periodontal Diseases and Conditions in Children and Adolescents: Consensus Report', Journal of Clinical Periodontology, vol. 53, no. 7, pp. 1068-1099. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.70033

TY - JOUR

T1 - Gingival and Periodontal Diseases and Conditions in Children and Adolescents

T2 - Consensus Report

AU - Chapple, Iain

AU - Gizani, Sotiria

AU - Sanz, Mariano

AU - Declerck, Dominique

AU - Madianos, Phoebus

AU - Clerehugh, Valerie

AU - Danser, Monique

AU - Davidovich, Esti

AU - Davies, Janet

AU - Donos, Nikos

AU - Dursun, Elisabeth

AU - Figuero, Elena

AU - Graziani, Filippo

AU - Gursoy, Mervi

AU - Jepsen, Soren

AU - Joseph, Clara

AU - Kebschull, Moritz

AU - Kraemer, Norbert

AU - Lambrinaki, Tina

AU - Lopez, Rodrigo

AU - Manton, David J.

AU - Meyle, Joerg

AU - Molina, Ana

AU - Shapira, Lior

AU - Somani, Cheryl

AU - Tsilingaridis, Georgios

AU - Twetman, Svante

AU - West, Nicola

AU - Wondimu, Biniyam

AU - Wong, Ferranti

AU - Herrera, David

PY - 2026/7

Y1 - 2026/7

N2 - Background: The objectives of this Focused Workshop were to update the epidemiology, aetiology, risk factors, diagnosis and management of gingival and periodontal diseases and conditions in children and adolescents, and to explore the applicability of the 2018 Classification in children and adolescents. Methods: The Workshop discussions were informed by three specifically commissioned systematic reviews covering gingival and periodontal diseases and conditions, in systemically healthy children and adolescents, or in children and adolescents with systemic conditions. Results: Over 70 genetic, congenital and acquired systemic conditions that impact the periodontal tissues were identified, with levels of evidence graded as very low, low or moderate. Gingival diseases and conditions in systemically healthy children and adolescents were identified, alongside local predisposing and systemic modifying factors. Periodontitis and other periodontal conditions in the 2018 Classification System also apply to children and adolescents; however, there are challenges with periodontal probing in the primary and mixed dentition. Conclusions: Periodontal tissues in children and adolescents differ from those in adults and require special consideration, accounting for their stage of development and predisposing and modifying factors unique to younger patients, which may confound accurate diagnosis, prognostication and management. Specific approaches to screening, examination and treatment are necessary for safe and effective management in this patient group.

AB - Background: The objectives of this Focused Workshop were to update the epidemiology, aetiology, risk factors, diagnosis and management of gingival and periodontal diseases and conditions in children and adolescents, and to explore the applicability of the 2018 Classification in children and adolescents. Methods: The Workshop discussions were informed by three specifically commissioned systematic reviews covering gingival and periodontal diseases and conditions, in systemically healthy children and adolescents, or in children and adolescents with systemic conditions. Results: Over 70 genetic, congenital and acquired systemic conditions that impact the periodontal tissues were identified, with levels of evidence graded as very low, low or moderate. Gingival diseases and conditions in systemically healthy children and adolescents were identified, alongside local predisposing and systemic modifying factors. Periodontitis and other periodontal conditions in the 2018 Classification System also apply to children and adolescents; however, there are challenges with periodontal probing in the primary and mixed dentition. Conclusions: Periodontal tissues in children and adolescents differ from those in adults and require special consideration, accounting for their stage of development and predisposing and modifying factors unique to younger patients, which may confound accurate diagnosis, prognostication and management. Specific approaches to screening, examination and treatment are necessary for safe and effective management in this patient group.

KW - therapy

KW - periodontitis

KW - gingivitis

KW - children

KW - periodontal diseases

KW - gingival diseases

KW - adolescents

KW - diagnosis

KW - epidemiology

U2 - 10.1111/jcpe.70033

DO - 10.1111/jcpe.70033

M3 - Article

SN - 0303-6979

VL - 53

SP - 1068

EP - 1099

JO - Journal of Clinical Periodontology

JF - Journal of Clinical Periodontology

IS - 7

ER -

Gingival and Periodontal Diseases and Conditions in Children and Adolescents: Consensus Report

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