Frequency and time dependent viscoelastic characterization of pediatric porcine brain tissue in compression

Weiqi Li*, Duncan Shepherd, Daniel Espino

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Understanding the viscoelastic behaviour of pediatric brain tissue is critical to interpret how external mechanical forces affect head injury in children. However, knowledge of the viscoelastic properties of pediatric brain tissue is limited, and this reduces the biofidelity of developed numeric simulations of the pediatric head in analysis of brain injury. Thus, it is essential to characterize the viscoelastic behaviour of pediatric brain tissue in various loading conditions and to identify constitutive models. In this study, the pediatric porcine brain tissue was investigated in compression to determine the viscoelasticity under small and large strain, respectively. A range of frequencies between 0.1 to 40 Hz was applied to determine frequency-dependent viscoelastic behaviour via dynamic mechanical analysis while brain samples were divided into three strain rate groups of 0.01/s, 1/s and 10/s for compression up to 0.3 strain level and stress relaxation to obtain time-dependent viscoelastic properties. At frequencies above 20 Hz, the storage modulus did not increase, while the loss modulus increased continuously. With strain rate increasing from 0.01 /s to 10 /s, the mean stress at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 strain increased to approximate 6.8, 5.6 and 4.4 times, respectively. The brain compressive response was sensitive to strain rate and frequency. The characterization of brain tissue will be valuable for development of head protection systems and prediction of brain injury.
Original languageEnglish
JournalBiomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology
Early online date14 Mar 2024
DOIs
Publication statusE-pub ahead of print - 14 Mar 2024

Bibliographical note

Acknowledgements:
The authors would like to thank Lee Gauntlett from the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham for assistance in manufacturing of fixtures. This study was sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12302417) and Shanghai Pujiang Program (23PJ1409200). The equipment used in this study was funded by Arthritis Research UK [H0671; now part of Versus Arthritis].

Keywords

  • Brain
  • Constitutive
  • Dynamic mechanical analysis
  • Injury
  • Porcine
  • Viscoelastic

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