Abstract
Herein, we report a highly sensitive electrocatalytic sensor-cell construct that can electrochemically communicate with the internal environment of immune cells (e.g., macrophages) via the selective monitoring of a particular reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide. The sensor, which is based on vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with an osmium electrocatalyst, enabled the unprecedented detection of a local intracellular "pulse" of ROS on a short second time scale in response to bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide-LPS) stimulation. Our studies have shown that this initial pulse of ROS is dependent on NADPH oxidase (NOX) and toll like receptor 4 (TLR4). The results suggest that bacteria can induce a rapid intracellular pulse of ROS in macrophages that initiates the classical innate immune response of these cells to infection.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 23527-23537 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces |
Volume | 7 |
Issue number | 42 |
Early online date | 6 Oct 2015 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 28 Oct 2015 |
Keywords
- intracellular sensor
- electrocatalytic sensor
- carbon nanotubes
- reactive oxygen species
- hydrogen peroxide
- macrophage cells