Extra-low dosage graphene oxide cementitious nanocomposites: A nano-to macroscale approach

Mehdi Chougan; Francesca Romana Lamastra; Eleonora Bolli; Daniela Caschera; Saulius Kaciulis; Claudia Mazzuca; Giampiero Montesperelli; Seyed Hamidreza Ghaffar; Mazen J. Al-Kheetan; Alessandra Bianco

doi:10.3390/nano11123278

Extra-low dosage graphene oxide cementitious nanocomposites: A nano-to macroscale approach

Mehdi Chougan, Francesca Romana Lamastra^*, Eleonora Bolli, Daniela Caschera, Saulius Kaciulis, Claudia Mazzuca, Giampiero Montesperelli, Seyed Hamidreza Ghaffar, Mazen J. Al-Kheetan, Alessandra Bianco

^*Corresponding author for this work

Civil Engineering

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Abstract

The impact of extra-low dosage (0.01% by weight of cement) Graphene Oxide (GO) on the properties of fresh and hardened nanocomposites was assessed. The use of a minimum amount of 2-D nanofiller would minimize costs and sustainability issues, therefore encouraging the market uptake of nanoengineered cement-based materials. GO was characterized by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. GO consisted of stacked sheets up to 600 nm × 800 nm wide and 2 nm thick, oxygen content 31 at%. The impact of GO on the fresh admixtures was evaluated by rheology, flowability, and workability measurements. GO-modified samples were characterized by density measurements, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis, and compression and bending tests. Permeability was investigated using the boiling-water saturation technique, salt ponding test, and Initial Surface Absorption Test (ISAT). At 28 days, GO-nanocomposite exhibited increased density (+14%), improved compressive and flexural strength (+29% and +13%, respectively), and decreased permeability compared to the control sample. The strengthening effect dominated over the adverse effects associated with the worsening of the fresh properties; reduced permeability was mainly attributed to the refining of the pore network induced by the presence of GO.

Original language	English
Article number	3278
Number of pages	20
Journal	Nanomaterials
Volume	11
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11123278
Publication status	Published - 2 Dec 2021

Bibliographical note

Acknowledgments: The authors wish to thank Luciana Cerri for assistance in AFM measurements, Tilde de Caro for helping in Raman spectroscopy analysis (Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), Emanuele Marotta, Francesco Vivio (Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Impresa “Mario Lucertini”, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Roma, Italy) and Ugo Ianniruberto (Dipartimento DICII, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Roma, Italy) for their assistance in the mechanical testing. CM wants to dedicate this article to A. Palleschi, on the occasion of his retirement. This study has been partially supported by a “Beyond the Borders” Project titled “Graphene-modified cementitious materials: a nano-to macroscale approach” (NANO2MACRO), Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Roma, Italy.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Keywords

Cementitious nanocomposites
Graphene oxide
Mechanical properties
Permeability
Rheology
Workability

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Chemical Engineering
General Materials Science

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Cite this

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title = "Extra-low dosage graphene oxide cementitious nanocomposites: A nano-to macroscale approach",

abstract = "The impact of extra-low dosage (0.01% by weight of cement) Graphene Oxide (GO) on the properties of fresh and hardened nanocomposites was assessed. The use of a minimum amount of 2-D nanofiller would minimize costs and sustainability issues, therefore encouraging the market uptake of nanoengineered cement-based materials. GO was characterized by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. GO consisted of stacked sheets up to 600 nm × 800 nm wide and 2 nm thick, oxygen content 31 at%. The impact of GO on the fresh admixtures was evaluated by rheology, flowability, and workability measurements. GO-modified samples were characterized by density measurements, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis, and compression and bending tests. Permeability was investigated using the boiling-water saturation technique, salt ponding test, and Initial Surface Absorption Test (ISAT). At 28 days, GO-nanocomposite exhibited increased density (+14%), improved compressive and flexural strength (+29% and +13%, respectively), and decreased permeability compared to the control sample. The strengthening effect dominated over the adverse effects associated with the worsening of the fresh properties; reduced permeability was mainly attributed to the refining of the pore network induced by the presence of GO.",

keywords = "Cementitious nanocomposites, Graphene oxide, Mechanical properties, Permeability, Rheology, Workability",

author = "Mehdi Chougan and Lamastra, {Francesca Romana} and Eleonora Bolli and Daniela Caschera and Saulius Kaciulis and Claudia Mazzuca and Giampiero Montesperelli and Ghaffar, {Seyed Hamidreza} and Al-Kheetan, {Mazen J.} and Alessandra Bianco",

note = "Acknowledgments: The authors wish to thank Luciana Cerri for assistance in AFM measurements, Tilde de Caro for helping in Raman spectroscopy analysis (Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), Emanuele Marotta, Francesco Vivio (Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell{\textquoteright}Impresa “Mario Lucertini”, Universit{\`a} degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Roma, Italy) and Ugo Ianniruberto (Dipartimento DICII, Universit{\`a} degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Roma, Italy) for their assistance in the mechanical testing. CM wants to dedicate this article to A. Palleschi, on the occasion of his retirement. This study has been partially supported by a “Beyond the Borders” Project titled “Graphene-modified cementitious materials: a nano-to macroscale approach” (NANO2MACRO), Universit{\`a} degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Roma, Italy. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",

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AU - Caschera, Daniela

AU - Kaciulis, Saulius

AU - Mazzuca, Claudia

AU - Montesperelli, Giampiero

AU - Ghaffar, Seyed Hamidreza

AU - Al-Kheetan, Mazen J.

AU - Bianco, Alessandra

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N2 - The impact of extra-low dosage (0.01% by weight of cement) Graphene Oxide (GO) on the properties of fresh and hardened nanocomposites was assessed. The use of a minimum amount of 2-D nanofiller would minimize costs and sustainability issues, therefore encouraging the market uptake of nanoengineered cement-based materials. GO was characterized by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. GO consisted of stacked sheets up to 600 nm × 800 nm wide and 2 nm thick, oxygen content 31 at%. The impact of GO on the fresh admixtures was evaluated by rheology, flowability, and workability measurements. GO-modified samples were characterized by density measurements, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis, and compression and bending tests. Permeability was investigated using the boiling-water saturation technique, salt ponding test, and Initial Surface Absorption Test (ISAT). At 28 days, GO-nanocomposite exhibited increased density (+14%), improved compressive and flexural strength (+29% and +13%, respectively), and decreased permeability compared to the control sample. The strengthening effect dominated over the adverse effects associated with the worsening of the fresh properties; reduced permeability was mainly attributed to the refining of the pore network induced by the presence of GO.

AB - The impact of extra-low dosage (0.01% by weight of cement) Graphene Oxide (GO) on the properties of fresh and hardened nanocomposites was assessed. The use of a minimum amount of 2-D nanofiller would minimize costs and sustainability issues, therefore encouraging the market uptake of nanoengineered cement-based materials. GO was characterized by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. GO consisted of stacked sheets up to 600 nm × 800 nm wide and 2 nm thick, oxygen content 31 at%. The impact of GO on the fresh admixtures was evaluated by rheology, flowability, and workability measurements. GO-modified samples were characterized by density measurements, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis, and compression and bending tests. Permeability was investigated using the boiling-water saturation technique, salt ponding test, and Initial Surface Absorption Test (ISAT). At 28 days, GO-nanocomposite exhibited increased density (+14%), improved compressive and flexural strength (+29% and +13%, respectively), and decreased permeability compared to the control sample. The strengthening effect dominated over the adverse effects associated with the worsening of the fresh properties; reduced permeability was mainly attributed to the refining of the pore network induced by the presence of GO.

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KW - Permeability

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KW - Workability

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Extra-low dosage graphene oxide cementitious nanocomposites: A nano-to macroscale approach

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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