Epidemiology and biological mechanisms linking periodontitis with chronic kidney disease

Philip Eburne; Iain Chapple; Praveen Sharma

doi:10.1007/s40496-025-00416-4

Epidemiology and biological mechanisms linking periodontitis with chronic kidney disease

Philip Eburne
, Iain Chapple
, Praveen Sharma^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Dentistry

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

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Abstract

Purpose of Review: This review aims to summarise the current epidemiological evidence for associations between periodontitis and chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to explore the underlying biological mechanisms.

Recent Findings: CKD is strongly associated with periodontitis in both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, with 2.5 higher odds of having periodontitis in the presence of CKD and 2-times higher likelihood of developing CKD in the presence of periodontitis. Patients with CKD and periodontitis have a hazard ratio of 3.1 for progression of CKD when pockets are greater than 4.5mm compared to without. The biological mechanisms underlying this relationship include common risk factors of smoking and diabetes, the systemic inflammatory burden posed by periodontitis, and the detrimental effect of periodontal pathogens on renal tissues.

Summary: Evidence supports a bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and CKD whereby periodontal care may represent an important and novel management strategy for individuals with CKD.

Original language	English
Article number	25
Number of pages	7
Journal	Current Oral Health Reports
Volume	12
Issue number	1
Early online date	1 Nov 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s40496-025-00416-4
Publication status	E-pub ahead of print - 1 Nov 2025

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

Keywords

Oral health
Renal
Gum disease
CKD
Chronic kidney disease
Periodontitis

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Cite this

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title = "Epidemiology and biological mechanisms linking periodontitis with chronic kidney disease",

abstract = "Purpose of Review: This review aims to summarise the current epidemiological evidence for associations between periodontitis and chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to explore the underlying biological mechanisms. Recent Findings: CKD is strongly associated with periodontitis in both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, with 2.5 higher odds of having periodontitis in the presence of CKD and 2-times higher likelihood of developing CKD in the presence of periodontitis. Patients with CKD and periodontitis have a hazard ratio of 3.1 for progression of CKD when pockets are greater than 4.5mm compared to without. The biological mechanisms underlying this relationship include common risk factors of smoking and diabetes, the systemic inflammatory burden posed by periodontitis, and the detrimental effect of periodontal pathogens on renal tissues. Summary: Evidence supports a bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and CKD whereby periodontal care may represent an important and novel management strategy for individuals with CKD.",

keywords = "Oral health, Renal, Gum disease, CKD, Chronic kidney disease, Periodontitis",

author = "Philip Eburne and Iain Chapple and Praveen Sharma",

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doi = "10.1007/s40496-025-00416-4",

language = "English",

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T1 - Epidemiology and biological mechanisms linking periodontitis with chronic kidney disease

AU - Eburne, Philip

AU - Chapple, Iain

AU - Sharma, Praveen

PY - 2025/11/1

Y1 - 2025/11/1

N2 - Purpose of Review: This review aims to summarise the current epidemiological evidence for associations between periodontitis and chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to explore the underlying biological mechanisms. Recent Findings: CKD is strongly associated with periodontitis in both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, with 2.5 higher odds of having periodontitis in the presence of CKD and 2-times higher likelihood of developing CKD in the presence of periodontitis. Patients with CKD and periodontitis have a hazard ratio of 3.1 for progression of CKD when pockets are greater than 4.5mm compared to without. The biological mechanisms underlying this relationship include common risk factors of smoking and diabetes, the systemic inflammatory burden posed by periodontitis, and the detrimental effect of periodontal pathogens on renal tissues. Summary: Evidence supports a bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and CKD whereby periodontal care may represent an important and novel management strategy for individuals with CKD.

AB - Purpose of Review: This review aims to summarise the current epidemiological evidence for associations between periodontitis and chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to explore the underlying biological mechanisms. Recent Findings: CKD is strongly associated with periodontitis in both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, with 2.5 higher odds of having periodontitis in the presence of CKD and 2-times higher likelihood of developing CKD in the presence of periodontitis. Patients with CKD and periodontitis have a hazard ratio of 3.1 for progression of CKD when pockets are greater than 4.5mm compared to without. The biological mechanisms underlying this relationship include common risk factors of smoking and diabetes, the systemic inflammatory burden posed by periodontitis, and the detrimental effect of periodontal pathogens on renal tissues. Summary: Evidence supports a bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and CKD whereby periodontal care may represent an important and novel management strategy for individuals with CKD.

KW - Oral health

KW - Renal

KW - Gum disease

KW - CKD

KW - Chronic kidney disease

KW - Periodontitis

U2 - 10.1007/s40496-025-00416-4

DO - 10.1007/s40496-025-00416-4

M3 - Review article

SN - 2196-3002

VL - 12

JO - Current Oral Health Reports

JF - Current Oral Health Reports

IS - 1

M1 - 25

ER -

Epidemiology and biological mechanisms linking periodontitis with chronic kidney disease

Abstract

UN SDGs

Keywords

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