Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds from combustion of domestic fuels in Delhi, India

Gareth J.  Stewart; W. Joe F. Acton; Beth S. Nelson; Adam R. Vaughan; James R.  Hopkins; Rahul Arya; Arnab Mondal; Ritu Jangirh; Sakshi  Ahlawat; Lokesh  Yadav; Sudhir K.  Sharma; Rachel E. Dunmore; Siti S. M.  Yunus; C. Nicholas Hewitt; Eiko Nemitz; Neil Mullinger; Ranu  Gadi; Lokesh K. Sahu; Nidhi  Tripathi; Andrew R. Rickard; James D. Lee; Tuhin K Mandal; Jacqueline F. Hamilton

doi:10.5194/acp-21-2383-2021

Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds from combustion of domestic fuels in Delhi, India

Gareth J. Stewart, W. Joe F. Acton, Beth S. Nelson, Adam R. Vaughan, James R. Hopkins, Rahul Arya, Arnab Mondal, Ritu Jangirh, Sakshi Ahlawat, Lokesh Yadav, Sudhir K. Sharma, Rachel E. Dunmore, Siti S. M. Yunus, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Eiko Nemitz, Neil Mullinger, Ranu Gadi, Lokesh K. Sahu, Nidhi Tripathi, Andrew R. RickardJames D. Lee, Tuhin K Mandal, Jacqueline F. Hamilton^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

Twenty-nine different fuel types used in residential dwellings in northern India were collected from across Delhi (76 samples in total). Emission factors of a wide range of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) (192 compounds in total) were measured during controlled burning experiments using dual-channel gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (DC-GC-FID), two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC-FID), proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and solid-phase extraction two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPE-GC × GC–ToF-MS). On average, 94 % speciation of total measured NMVOC emissions was achieved across all fuel types. The largest contributors to emissions from most fuel types were small non-aromatic oxygenated species, phenolics and furanics. The emission factors (in g kg⁻¹) for total gas-phase NMVOCs were fuelwood (18.7, 4.3–96.7), cow dung cake (62.0, 35.3–83.0), crop residue (37.9, 8.9–73.8), charcoal (5.4, 2.4–7.9), sawdust (72.4, 28.6–115.5), municipal solid waste (87.3, 56.6–119.1) and liquefied petroleum gas (5.7, 1.9–9.8).

The emission factors measured in this study allow for better characterisation, evaluation and understanding of the air quality impacts of residential solid-fuel combustion in India.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	2383–2406
Number of pages	24
Journal	Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Volume	21
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2383-2021
Publication status	Published - 18 Feb 2021

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Stewart, G. J., Acton, W. J. F., Nelson, B. S., Vaughan, A. R., Hopkins, J. R., Arya, R., Mondal, A., Jangirh, R., Ahlawat, S., Yadav, L., Sharma, S. K., Dunmore, R. E., Yunus, S. S. M., Hewitt, C. N., Nemitz, E., Mullinger, N., Gadi, R., Sahu, L. K., Tripathi, N., ... Hamilton, J. F. (2021). Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds from combustion of domestic fuels in Delhi, India. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 21(4), 2383–2406. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2383-2021

@article{cfdb377c28e3412d93fdc3f87355b627,

title = "Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds from combustion of domestic fuels in Delhi, India",

abstract = "Twenty-nine different fuel types used in residential dwellings in northern India were collected from across Delhi (76 samples in total). Emission factors of a wide range of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) (192 compounds in total) were measured during controlled burning experiments using dual-channel gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (DC-GC-FID), two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC-FID), proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and solid-phase extraction two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPE-GC × GC–ToF-MS). On average, 94 % speciation of total measured NMVOC emissions was achieved across all fuel types. The largest contributors to emissions from most fuel types were small non-aromatic oxygenated species, phenolics and furanics. The emission factors (in g kg−1) for total gas-phase NMVOCs were fuelwood (18.7, 4.3–96.7), cow dung cake (62.0, 35.3–83.0), crop residue (37.9, 8.9–73.8), charcoal (5.4, 2.4–7.9), sawdust (72.4, 28.6–115.5), municipal solid waste (87.3, 56.6–119.1) and liquefied petroleum gas (5.7, 1.9–9.8).The emission factors measured in this study allow for better characterisation, evaluation and understanding of the air quality impacts of residential solid-fuel combustion in India.",

author = "Stewart, {Gareth J.} and Acton, {W. Joe F.} and Nelson, {Beth S.} and Vaughan, {Adam R.} and Hopkins, {James R.} and Rahul Arya and Arnab Mondal and Ritu Jangirh and Sakshi Ahlawat and Lokesh Yadav and Sharma, {Sudhir K.} and Dunmore, {Rachel E.} and Yunus, {Siti S. M.} and Hewitt, {C. Nicholas} and Eiko Nemitz and Neil Mullinger and Ranu Gadi and Sahu, {Lokesh K.} and Nidhi Tripathi and Rickard, {Andrew R.} and Lee, {James D.} and Mandal, {Tuhin K} and Hamilton, {Jacqueline F.}",

year = "2021",

month = feb,

day = "18",

doi = "10.5194/acp-21-2383-2021",

language = "English",

volume = "21",

pages = "2383–2406",

journal = "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics",

issn = "1680-7324",

publisher = "Copernicus Publications",

number = "4",

}

Stewart, GJ, Acton, WJF, Nelson, BS, Vaughan, AR, Hopkins, JR, Arya, R, Mondal, A, Jangirh, R, Ahlawat, S, Yadav, L, Sharma, SK, Dunmore, RE, Yunus, SSM, Hewitt, CN, Nemitz, E, Mullinger, N, Gadi, R, Sahu, LK, Tripathi, N, Rickard, AR, Lee, JD, Mandal, TK & Hamilton, JF 2021, 'Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds from combustion of domestic fuels in Delhi, India', Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 2383–2406. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2383-2021

TY - JOUR

T1 - Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds from combustion of domestic fuels in Delhi, India

AU - Stewart, Gareth J.

AU - Acton, W. Joe F.

AU - Nelson, Beth S.

AU - Vaughan, Adam R.

AU - Hopkins, James R.

AU - Arya, Rahul

AU - Mondal, Arnab

AU - Jangirh, Ritu

AU - Ahlawat, Sakshi

AU - Yadav, Lokesh

AU - Sharma, Sudhir K.

AU - Dunmore, Rachel E.

AU - Yunus, Siti S. M.

AU - Hewitt, C. Nicholas

AU - Nemitz, Eiko

AU - Mullinger, Neil

AU - Gadi, Ranu

AU - Sahu, Lokesh K.

AU - Tripathi, Nidhi

AU - Rickard, Andrew R.

AU - Lee, James D.

AU - Mandal, Tuhin K

AU - Hamilton, Jacqueline F.

PY - 2021/2/18

Y1 - 2021/2/18

N2 - Twenty-nine different fuel types used in residential dwellings in northern India were collected from across Delhi (76 samples in total). Emission factors of a wide range of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) (192 compounds in total) were measured during controlled burning experiments using dual-channel gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (DC-GC-FID), two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC-FID), proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and solid-phase extraction two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPE-GC × GC–ToF-MS). On average, 94 % speciation of total measured NMVOC emissions was achieved across all fuel types. The largest contributors to emissions from most fuel types were small non-aromatic oxygenated species, phenolics and furanics. The emission factors (in g kg−1) for total gas-phase NMVOCs were fuelwood (18.7, 4.3–96.7), cow dung cake (62.0, 35.3–83.0), crop residue (37.9, 8.9–73.8), charcoal (5.4, 2.4–7.9), sawdust (72.4, 28.6–115.5), municipal solid waste (87.3, 56.6–119.1) and liquefied petroleum gas (5.7, 1.9–9.8).The emission factors measured in this study allow for better characterisation, evaluation and understanding of the air quality impacts of residential solid-fuel combustion in India.

AB - Twenty-nine different fuel types used in residential dwellings in northern India were collected from across Delhi (76 samples in total). Emission factors of a wide range of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) (192 compounds in total) were measured during controlled burning experiments using dual-channel gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (DC-GC-FID), two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC-FID), proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and solid-phase extraction two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPE-GC × GC–ToF-MS). On average, 94 % speciation of total measured NMVOC emissions was achieved across all fuel types. The largest contributors to emissions from most fuel types were small non-aromatic oxygenated species, phenolics and furanics. The emission factors (in g kg−1) for total gas-phase NMVOCs were fuelwood (18.7, 4.3–96.7), cow dung cake (62.0, 35.3–83.0), crop residue (37.9, 8.9–73.8), charcoal (5.4, 2.4–7.9), sawdust (72.4, 28.6–115.5), municipal solid waste (87.3, 56.6–119.1) and liquefied petroleum gas (5.7, 1.9–9.8).The emission factors measured in this study allow for better characterisation, evaluation and understanding of the air quality impacts of residential solid-fuel combustion in India.

U2 - 10.5194/acp-21-2383-2021

DO - 10.5194/acp-21-2383-2021

M3 - Article

SN - 1680-7324

VL - 21

SP - 2383

EP - 2406

JO - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

IS - 4

ER -

Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds from combustion of domestic fuels in Delhi, India

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