Abstract
Urban environments are restricted by various physical, regulatory and customary barriers such as buildings, one-way systems and pedestrian crossings. These features create challenges for predictive modelling in urban space, as most proximity-based models rely on Euclidean (straight line) distance metrics which, given restrictions within the urban landscape, do not fully capture spatial urban processes. Here, we argue that road distance and travel time provide effective alternatives, and we develop a new low-dimensional Euclidean distance metric based on these distances using an isomap approach. The purpose of this is to produce a valid covariance matrix for Kriging. Our primary methodological contribution is the derivation of two symmetric dissimilarity matrices ((B + and B2 + ), with which it is possible to compute low-dimensional Euclidean metrics for the production of a positive definite covariance matrix with commonly utilised kernels. This new method is implemented into a Kriging predictor to estimate house prices on 3,669 properties in Coventry, UK. We find that a metric estimating a combination of road distance and travel time, in both R 2 and R 3 , produces a superior house price predictor compared with alternative state-of-the-art methods, that is, a standard Euclidean metric in R N and a non-restricted road distance metric in R 2 and R 3 . F.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 512-536 |
Number of pages | 25 |
Journal | International Journal of Geographical Information Science |
Volume | 33 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 4 Mar 2019 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:We would like to thank the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Centre for Doctoral Training in Urban Science (EP/L016400/1) and the Alan Turing Institute (EP/N510129/1) grants. In addition, we are supported by the Lloyd’s Register Foundation programme on Data Centric Engineering. Finally, our gratitude goes to all the open source mapping contributors.
Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council: [Grant Number EP/L016400/1 and EP/N510129/1].
Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council: [Grant Number EP/L016400/1 and EP/N510129/1]. We would like to thank the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Centre for Doctoral Training in Urban Science (EP/L016400/1) and the Alan Turing Institute (EP/N510129/1) grants. In addition, we are supported by the Lloyd?s Register Foundation programme on Data Centric Engineering. Finally, our gratitude goes to all the open source mapping contributors.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018, © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Keywords
- data mining
- Geostatistics
- isometric embedding
- Kriging
- multidimensional scaling
- non-Euclidean
- real-estate
- urban analytics
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Information Systems
- Geography, Planning and Development
- Library and Information Sciences