TY - JOUR
T1 - Electroresponsive Thiol-Yne Click-Hydrogels for Insulin Smart Delivery
T2 - Tackling Sustained Release and Leakage Control
AU - Dove, Andrew
AU - Munoz-Galan, Helena
AU - Enshaei, Hamidreza
AU - Silva, Joao
AU - Esteves, Teresa
AU - Castelo Ferreira, Frederico
AU - Casanovas, Jordi
AU - Worch, Josh
AU - Aleman, Carlos
AU - Perez Madrigal, Maria Del Mar
PY - 2024/7/26
Y1 - 2024/7/26
N2 - iabetes is a metabolic disorder caused by the body’s inability to produce or use insulin. Considering the figures projected by the World Health Organization, research on insulin therapy is crucial. Hence, we present a soft biointerface based on a thiol–yne poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) click-hydrogel as an advanced treatment option to administrate insulin. Most importantly, the device is rendered electroactive by incorporating biocompatible poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanoparticles (PEDOT NPs) as conductive moieties to precisely control the release of insulin over an extended period through electrochemical stimulation (ES). The device has been carefully optimized on account of: (i) the main interactions established between PEDOT- and PEG-based moieties, which have been studied by density functional theory calculations, and reveal the choice of 4-arm PEG precursors as most suitable cross-linkers; and (ii) the concentration of PEDOT NPs in the device, which has been determined considering minimal interference with the gelation process, as well as the resulting morphological, mechanical, electrochemical, and cytocompatible properties of the PEG-based click-hydrogels. Finally, the management over insulin delivery through ES is verified in vitro, with released insulin being detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. Overall, our hydrogel-based device establishes a method for controlled insulin delivery with the potential for translation to other relevant bioelectronic applications.
AB - iabetes is a metabolic disorder caused by the body’s inability to produce or use insulin. Considering the figures projected by the World Health Organization, research on insulin therapy is crucial. Hence, we present a soft biointerface based on a thiol–yne poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) click-hydrogel as an advanced treatment option to administrate insulin. Most importantly, the device is rendered electroactive by incorporating biocompatible poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanoparticles (PEDOT NPs) as conductive moieties to precisely control the release of insulin over an extended period through electrochemical stimulation (ES). The device has been carefully optimized on account of: (i) the main interactions established between PEDOT- and PEG-based moieties, which have been studied by density functional theory calculations, and reveal the choice of 4-arm PEG precursors as most suitable cross-linkers; and (ii) the concentration of PEDOT NPs in the device, which has been determined considering minimal interference with the gelation process, as well as the resulting morphological, mechanical, electrochemical, and cytocompatible properties of the PEG-based click-hydrogels. Finally, the management over insulin delivery through ES is verified in vitro, with released insulin being detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. Overall, our hydrogel-based device establishes a method for controlled insulin delivery with the potential for translation to other relevant bioelectronic applications.
KW - PEDOT nanoparticles
KW - insulin delivery
KW - click chemistry
KW - thiol-yne nucleophilic addition
KW - electro-active click hydrogel
U2 - 10.1021/acsapm.4c00911
DO - 10.1021/acsapm.4c00911
M3 - Article
SN - 2637-6105
VL - 6
SP - 8093
EP - 8104
JO - ACS Applied Polymer Materials
JF - ACS Applied Polymer Materials
IS - 14
ER -