Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study of the nucleation and growth of apatite on chemically treated titanium

Engineering & Materials Science

• Apatite 100%
• Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 82%
• Nucleation 70%
• Titanium 64%
• Body fluids 29%
• Sodium hydroxide 25%
• Oxide films 13%
• Equivalent circuits 10%
• Thin films 10%

Physics & Astronomy

• apatites 88%
• titanium 55%
• impedance 51%
• nucleation 50%
• spectroscopy 35%
• body fluids 30%
• equivalent circuits 11%
• oxide films 10%

Chemistry

• Apatite 71%
• Nucleation 55%
• Impedance Spectroscopy 52%
• Surface 10%
• Oxide 6%
• Liquid Film 5%