Electro-discharge machining of Zr67Cu11Ni10Ti9Be3: An investigation on hydroxyapatite deposition and surface roughness

Abdul'Azeez Abdu Aliyu; Ahmad Majdi Abdul-Rani; Saeed Rubaiee; Mohd Danish; Michael Bryant; Sri Hastuty; Muhammad Al Hapis Razak; Sadaqat Ali

doi:10.3390/PR8060635

Electro-discharge machining of Zr₆₇Cu₁₁Ni₁₀Ti₉Be₃: An investigation on hydroxyapatite deposition and surface roughness

Abdul'Azeez Abdu Aliyu^*, Ahmad Majdi Abdul-Rani^*, Saeed Rubaiee, Mohd Danish, Michael Bryant, Sri Hastuty, Muhammad Al Hapis Razak, Sadaqat Ali

^*Corresponding author for this work

Engineering and Physical Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

This study attempts to simultaneously machine and synthesize a biomimetic nanoporous hydroxyapatite coating on the Zr₆₇Cu₁₁Ni₁₀Ti₉Be₃ bulk metallic glass (BMG) surface. The aim is to investigate and optimize the hydroxyapatite deposition rate and the surface roughness during the electro-discharge coating of Zr₆₇Cu₁₁Ni₁₀Ti₉Be₃ BMG. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder Diffraction (XRD) and Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to characterize and analyze the results. Response Surface Methodology using D-optimum custom design approach was utilized to generate the models and optimize the input parameters. A globule nanostructured and nanoporous coating of about 25.2 μm thick, containing mainly Ca, O, and K were ascertained. Further XRD analysis confirmed the deposition of biocompatible oxides (HA, CaZrO₃, and ZrO₂) and hard ZrC coating on the Zr₆₇Cu₁₁Ni₁₀Ti₉Be₃ BMG surface. A significant improvement in cell viability was observed in the HA electro-discharge coated BMG specimens. The numerical models for the Hydroxyapatite Deposition Rate (HDR) and Surface Roughness (SR) were developed and experimentally validated using the optimized parameters setting suggested by the software. The achieved average predicted error of 4.94 and 5.09% for the HDR and SR respectively confirmed the excellent reproducibility of the developed models.

Original language	English
Article number	635
Journal	Processes
Volume	8
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/PR8060635
Publication status	Published - 1 Jun 2020

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This research was funded by YUTP- Research grant (015LC0-164) and "University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia".

Funding Information:
Funding: This research was funded by YUTP-Research grant (015LC0-164) and “University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia”.

Funding Information:
Acknowledgments: The authors appreciated the financial support by University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia /Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS International Collaborative Research for supporting this research.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the authors.

Keywords

Coating
Deposition rate
Elecro-discharge
Hydroxyapatite
Machining
Metallic glass
Optimization
RSM
Surface roughness

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Bioengineering
Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous)
Process Chemistry and Technology

Access to Document

10.3390/PR8060635

Cite this

@article{c4ff0ca70ea44abab4ca535337b57ccc,

title = "Electro-discharge machining of Zr67Cu11Ni10Ti9Be3: An investigation on hydroxyapatite deposition and surface roughness",

abstract = "This study attempts to simultaneously machine and synthesize a biomimetic nanoporous hydroxyapatite coating on the Zr67Cu11Ni10Ti9Be3 bulk metallic glass (BMG) surface. The aim is to investigate and optimize the hydroxyapatite deposition rate and the surface roughness during the electro-discharge coating of Zr67Cu11Ni10Ti9Be3 BMG. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder Diffraction (XRD) and Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to characterize and analyze the results. Response Surface Methodology using D-optimum custom design approach was utilized to generate the models and optimize the input parameters. A globule nanostructured and nanoporous coating of about 25.2 μm thick, containing mainly Ca, O, and K were ascertained. Further XRD analysis confirmed the deposition of biocompatible oxides (HA, CaZrO3, and ZrO2) and hard ZrC coating on the Zr67Cu11Ni10Ti9Be3 BMG surface. A significant improvement in cell viability was observed in the HA electro-discharge coated BMG specimens. The numerical models for the Hydroxyapatite Deposition Rate (HDR) and Surface Roughness (SR) were developed and experimentally validated using the optimized parameters setting suggested by the software. The achieved average predicted error of 4.94 and 5.09% for the HDR and SR respectively confirmed the excellent reproducibility of the developed models.",

keywords = "Coating, Deposition rate, Elecro-discharge, Hydroxyapatite, Machining, Metallic glass, Optimization, RSM, Surface roughness",

author = "Aliyu, {Abdul'Azeez Abdu} and Abdul-Rani, {Ahmad Majdi} and Saeed Rubaiee and Mohd Danish and Michael Bryant and Sri Hastuty and Razak, {Muhammad Al Hapis} and Sadaqat Ali",

note = "Funding Information: This research was funded by YUTP- Research grant (015LC0-164) and {"}University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia{"}. Funding Information: Funding: This research was funded by YUTP-Research grant (015LC0-164) and “University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia”. Funding Information: Acknowledgments: The authors appreciated the financial support by University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia /Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS International Collaborative Research for supporting this research. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 by the authors.",

year = "2020",

month = jun,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3390/PR8060635",

language = "English",

volume = "8",

journal = "Processes",

issn = "2227-9717",

publisher = "MDPI AG",

number = "6",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Electro-discharge machining of Zr67Cu11Ni10Ti9Be3

T2 - An investigation on hydroxyapatite deposition and surface roughness

AU - Aliyu, Abdul'Azeez Abdu

AU - Abdul-Rani, Ahmad Majdi

AU - Rubaiee, Saeed

AU - Danish, Mohd

AU - Bryant, Michael

AU - Hastuty, Sri

AU - Razak, Muhammad Al Hapis

AU - Ali, Sadaqat

N1 - Funding Information: This research was funded by YUTP- Research grant (015LC0-164) and "University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia". Funding Information: Funding: This research was funded by YUTP-Research grant (015LC0-164) and “University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia”. Funding Information: Acknowledgments: The authors appreciated the financial support by University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia /Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS International Collaborative Research for supporting this research. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 by the authors.

PY - 2020/6/1

Y1 - 2020/6/1

N2 - This study attempts to simultaneously machine and synthesize a biomimetic nanoporous hydroxyapatite coating on the Zr67Cu11Ni10Ti9Be3 bulk metallic glass (BMG) surface. The aim is to investigate and optimize the hydroxyapatite deposition rate and the surface roughness during the electro-discharge coating of Zr67Cu11Ni10Ti9Be3 BMG. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder Diffraction (XRD) and Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to characterize and analyze the results. Response Surface Methodology using D-optimum custom design approach was utilized to generate the models and optimize the input parameters. A globule nanostructured and nanoporous coating of about 25.2 μm thick, containing mainly Ca, O, and K were ascertained. Further XRD analysis confirmed the deposition of biocompatible oxides (HA, CaZrO3, and ZrO2) and hard ZrC coating on the Zr67Cu11Ni10Ti9Be3 BMG surface. A significant improvement in cell viability was observed in the HA electro-discharge coated BMG specimens. The numerical models for the Hydroxyapatite Deposition Rate (HDR) and Surface Roughness (SR) were developed and experimentally validated using the optimized parameters setting suggested by the software. The achieved average predicted error of 4.94 and 5.09% for the HDR and SR respectively confirmed the excellent reproducibility of the developed models.

AB - This study attempts to simultaneously machine and synthesize a biomimetic nanoporous hydroxyapatite coating on the Zr67Cu11Ni10Ti9Be3 bulk metallic glass (BMG) surface. The aim is to investigate and optimize the hydroxyapatite deposition rate and the surface roughness during the electro-discharge coating of Zr67Cu11Ni10Ti9Be3 BMG. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder Diffraction (XRD) and Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to characterize and analyze the results. Response Surface Methodology using D-optimum custom design approach was utilized to generate the models and optimize the input parameters. A globule nanostructured and nanoporous coating of about 25.2 μm thick, containing mainly Ca, O, and K were ascertained. Further XRD analysis confirmed the deposition of biocompatible oxides (HA, CaZrO3, and ZrO2) and hard ZrC coating on the Zr67Cu11Ni10Ti9Be3 BMG surface. A significant improvement in cell viability was observed in the HA electro-discharge coated BMG specimens. The numerical models for the Hydroxyapatite Deposition Rate (HDR) and Surface Roughness (SR) were developed and experimentally validated using the optimized parameters setting suggested by the software. The achieved average predicted error of 4.94 and 5.09% for the HDR and SR respectively confirmed the excellent reproducibility of the developed models.

KW - Coating

KW - Deposition rate

KW - Elecro-discharge

KW - Hydroxyapatite

KW - Machining

KW - Metallic glass

KW - Optimization

KW - RSM

KW - Surface roughness

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DO - 10.3390/PR8060635

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85087508717

SN - 2227-9717

VL - 8

JO - Processes

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