Ejecta Evolution Following a Planned Impact into an Asteroid: The First Five Weeks

Theodore Kareta; Cristina Thomas; Jian-Yang Li; Matthew M. Knight; Nicholas Moskovitz; Agata Rozek; Michele T. Bannister; Simone Ieva; Colin Snodgrass; Petr Pravec; Eileen V. Ryan; William H. Ryan; Eugene G. Fahnestock; Andrew S. Rivkin; Nancy Chabot; Alan Fitzsimmons; David Osip; Tim Lister; Gal Sarid; Masatoshi Hirabayashi; Tony Farnham; Gonzalo Tancredi; Patrick Michel; Richard Wainscoat; Rob Weryk; Bonnie Burrati; Jana Pittichova; Ryan Ridden-Harper; Nicole J. Tan; Paul Tristram; Tyler Brown; Mariangela Bonavita; Martin Burgdorf; Elahe Khalouei; Penelope Longa; Markus Rabus; Sedighe Sajadian; Uffe Graae Jorgensen; Martin Dominik; Jean-Baptiste Kikwaya; Elena Mazzotta Epifani; Elisabetta Dotto; J. D. Prasanna Deshapriya; Pedro H. Hasselmann; Massimo Dall'Ora; Lyu Abe; Tristan Guillot; Djamel Mekarnia; Abdelkrim Agabi; Philippe Bendjoya; Olga Suarez; Amaury Triaud; Thomas Gasparetto; Maximillian N. Gunther; Michael Kueppers; Bruno Merin; Joseph Chatelain; Edward Gomez; Helen Usher; Cai Stoddard-Jones; Matthew Bartnik; Michael Bellaver; Brenna Chetan; Emma Dugan; Tori Fallon; Jeremy Fedewa; Caitlyn Gerhard; Seth A. Jacobson; Shane Painter; David-Michael Peterson; Joseph E. Rodriguez; Cody Smith; Kirill V. Sokolovsky; Hannah Sullivan; Kate Townley; Sarah Watson; Levi Webb; Josep M. Trigo-Rodrıguez; Josep M. Llenas; Ignacio Perez-Garcıa; A. J. Castro-Tirado; Jean-Baptiste Vincent; Alessandra Migliorini; Monica Lazzarin; Fiorangela La Forgia; Fabio Ferrari; Tom Polakis; Brian Skiff

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad0fdd

Ejecta Evolution Following a Planned Impact into an Asteroid: The First Five Weeks

Theodore Kareta, Cristina Thomas, Jian-Yang Li, Matthew M. Knight, Nicholas Moskovitz, Agata Rozek, Michele T. Bannister, Simone Ieva, Colin Snodgrass, Petr Pravec, Eileen V. Ryan, William H. Ryan, Eugene G. Fahnestock, Andrew S. Rivkin, Nancy Chabot, Alan Fitzsimmons, David Osip, Tim Lister, Gal Sarid, Masatoshi HirabayashiTony Farnham, Gonzalo Tancredi, Patrick Michel, Richard Wainscoat, Rob Weryk, Bonnie Burrati, Jana Pittichova, Ryan Ridden-Harper, Nicole J. Tan, Paul Tristram, Tyler Brown, Mariangela Bonavita, Martin Burgdorf, Elahe Khalouei, Penelope Longa, Markus Rabus, Sedighe Sajadian, Uffe Graae Jorgensen, Martin Dominik, Jean-Baptiste Kikwaya, Elena Mazzotta Epifani, Elisabetta Dotto, J. D. Prasanna Deshapriya, Pedro H. Hasselmann, Massimo Dall'Ora, Lyu Abe, Tristan Guillot, Djamel Mekarnia, Abdelkrim Agabi, Philippe Bendjoya, Olga Suarez, Amaury Triaud, Thomas Gasparetto, Maximillian N. Gunther, Michael Kueppers, Bruno Merin, Joseph Chatelain, Edward Gomez, Helen Usher, Cai Stoddard-Jones, Matthew Bartnik, Michael Bellaver, Brenna Chetan, Emma Dugan, Tori Fallon, Jeremy Fedewa, Caitlyn Gerhard, Seth A. Jacobson, Shane Painter, David-Michael Peterson, Joseph E. Rodriguez, Cody Smith, Kirill V. Sokolovsky, Hannah Sullivan, Kate Townley, Sarah Watson, Levi Webb, Josep M. Trigo-Rodrıguez, Josep M. Llenas, Ignacio Perez-Garcıa, A. J. Castro-Tirado, Jean-Baptiste Vincent, Alessandra Migliorini, Monica Lazzarin, Fiorangela La Forgia, Fabio Ferrari, Tom Polakis, Brian Skiff

Physics and Astronomy

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Abstract

The impact of the DART spacecraft into Dimorphos, moon of the asteroid Didymos, changed Dimorphos' orbit substantially, largely from the ejection of material. We present results from twelve Earth-based facilities involved in a world-wide campaign to monitor the brightness and morphology of the ejecta in the first 35 days after impact. After an initial brightening of ~1.4 magnitudes, we find consistent dimming rates of 0.11-0.12 magnitudes/day in the first week, and 0.08-0.09 magnitudes/day over the entire study period. The system returned to its pre-impact brightness 24.3-25.3 days after impact through the primary ejecta tail remained. The dimming paused briefly eight days after impact, near in time to the appearance of the second tail. This was likely due to a secondary release of material after re-impact of a boulder released in the initial impact, through movement of the primary ejecta through the aperture likely played a role.

Original language	English
Article number	L12
Journal	Astrophysical Journal Letters
Volume	959
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad0fdd
Publication status	Published - 13 Dec 2023

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KaretaT2023EjectaFinal published version, 1.19 MBLicence: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC BY)

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Kareta, T., Thomas, C., Li, J.-Y., Knight, M. M., Moskovitz, N., Rozek, A., Bannister, M. T., Ieva, S., Snodgrass, C., Pravec, P., Ryan, E. V., Ryan, W. H., Fahnestock, E. G., Rivkin, A. S., Chabot, N., Fitzsimmons, A., Osip, D., Lister, T., Sarid, G., ... Skiff, B. (2023). Ejecta Evolution Following a Planned Impact into an Asteroid: The First Five Weeks. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 959 , Article L12. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad0fdd

@article{7f0240b1437a4d899b2987406afe58ab,

title = "Ejecta Evolution Following a Planned Impact into an Asteroid: The First Five Weeks",

abstract = "The impact of the DART spacecraft into Dimorphos, moon of the asteroid Didymos, changed Dimorphos' orbit substantially, largely from the ejection of material. We present results from twelve Earth-based facilities involved in a world-wide campaign to monitor the brightness and morphology of the ejecta in the first 35 days after impact. After an initial brightening of ~1.4 magnitudes, we find consistent dimming rates of 0.11-0.12 magnitudes/day in the first week, and 0.08-0.09 magnitudes/day over the entire study period. The system returned to its pre-impact brightness 24.3-25.3 days after impact through the primary ejecta tail remained. The dimming paused briefly eight days after impact, near in time to the appearance of the second tail. This was likely due to a secondary release of material after re-impact of a boulder released in the initial impact, through movement of the primary ejecta through the aperture likely played a role. ",

author = "Theodore Kareta and Cristina Thomas and Jian-Yang Li and Knight, {Matthew M.} and Nicholas Moskovitz and Agata Rozek and Bannister, {Michele T.} and Simone Ieva and Colin Snodgrass and Petr Pravec and Ryan, {Eileen V.} and Ryan, {William H.} and Fahnestock, {Eugene G.} and Rivkin, {Andrew S.} and Nancy Chabot and Alan Fitzsimmons and David Osip and Tim Lister and Gal Sarid and Masatoshi Hirabayashi and Tony Farnham and Gonzalo Tancredi and Patrick Michel and Richard Wainscoat and Rob Weryk and Bonnie Burrati and Jana Pittichova and Ryan Ridden-Harper and Tan, {Nicole J.} and Paul Tristram and Tyler Brown and Mariangela Bonavita and Martin Burgdorf and Elahe Khalouei and Penelope Longa and Markus Rabus and Sedighe Sajadian and Jorgensen, {Uffe Graae} and Martin Dominik and Jean-Baptiste Kikwaya and Epifani, {Elena Mazzotta} and Elisabetta Dotto and Deshapriya, {J. D. Prasanna} and Hasselmann, {Pedro H.} and Massimo Dall'Ora and Lyu Abe and Tristan Guillot and Djamel Mekarnia and Abdelkrim Agabi and Philippe Bendjoya and Olga Suarez and Amaury Triaud and Thomas Gasparetto and Gunther, {Maximillian N.} and Michael Kueppers and Bruno Merin and Joseph Chatelain and Edward Gomez and Helen Usher and Cai Stoddard-Jones and Matthew Bartnik and Michael Bellaver and Brenna Chetan and Emma Dugan and Tori Fallon and Jeremy Fedewa and Caitlyn Gerhard and Jacobson, {Seth A.} and Shane Painter and David-Michael Peterson and Rodriguez, {Joseph E.} and Cody Smith and Sokolovsky, {Kirill V.} and Hannah Sullivan and Kate Townley and Sarah Watson and Levi Webb and Trigo-Rodrıguez, {Josep M.} and Llenas, {Josep M.} and Ignacio Perez-Garcıa and Castro-Tirado, {A. J.} and Jean-Baptiste Vincent and Alessandra Migliorini and Monica Lazzarin and Forgia, {Fiorangela La} and Fabio Ferrari and Tom Polakis and Brian Skiff",

year = "2023",

month = dec,

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doi = "10.3847/2041-8213/ad0fdd",

language = "English",

volume = "959 ",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal Letters",

issn = "2041-8205",

publisher = "Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd",

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Kareta, T, Thomas, C, Li, J-Y, Knight, MM, Moskovitz, N, Rozek, A, Bannister, MT, Ieva, S, Snodgrass, C, Pravec, P, Ryan, EV, Ryan, WH, Fahnestock, EG, Rivkin, AS, Chabot, N, Fitzsimmons, A, Osip, D, Lister, T, Sarid, G, Hirabayashi, M, Farnham, T, Tancredi, G, Michel, P, Wainscoat, R, Weryk, R, Burrati, B, Pittichova, J, Ridden-Harper, R, Tan, NJ, Tristram, P, Brown, T, Bonavita, M, Burgdorf, M, Khalouei, E, Longa, P, Rabus, M, Sajadian, S, Jorgensen, UG, Dominik, M, Kikwaya, J-B, Epifani, EM, Dotto, E, Deshapriya, JDP, Hasselmann, PH, Dall'Ora, M, Abe, L, Guillot, T, Mekarnia, D, Agabi, A, Bendjoya, P, Suarez, O, Triaud, A, Gasparetto, T, Gunther, MN, Kueppers, M, Merin, B, Chatelain, J, Gomez, E, Usher, H, Stoddard-Jones, C, Bartnik, M, Bellaver, M, Chetan, B, Dugan, E, Fallon, T, Fedewa, J, Gerhard, C, Jacobson, SA, Painter, S, Peterson, D-M, Rodriguez, JE, Smith, C, Sokolovsky, KV, Sullivan, H, Townley, K, Watson, S, Webb, L, Trigo-Rodrıguez, JM, Llenas, JM, Perez-Garcıa, I, Castro-Tirado, AJ, Vincent, J-B, Migliorini, A, Lazzarin, M, Forgia, FL, Ferrari, F, Polakis, T & Skiff, B 2023, 'Ejecta Evolution Following a Planned Impact into an Asteroid: The First Five Weeks', Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 959 , L12. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad0fdd

TY - JOUR

T1 - Ejecta Evolution Following a Planned Impact into an Asteroid

T2 - The First Five Weeks

AU - Kareta, Theodore

AU - Thomas, Cristina

AU - Li, Jian-Yang

AU - Knight, Matthew M.

AU - Moskovitz, Nicholas

AU - Rozek, Agata

AU - Bannister, Michele T.

AU - Ieva, Simone

AU - Snodgrass, Colin

AU - Pravec, Petr

AU - Ryan, Eileen V.

AU - Ryan, William H.

AU - Fahnestock, Eugene G.

AU - Rivkin, Andrew S.

AU - Chabot, Nancy

AU - Fitzsimmons, Alan

AU - Osip, David

AU - Lister, Tim

AU - Sarid, Gal

AU - Hirabayashi, Masatoshi

AU - Farnham, Tony

AU - Tancredi, Gonzalo

AU - Michel, Patrick

AU - Wainscoat, Richard

AU - Weryk, Rob

AU - Burrati, Bonnie

AU - Pittichova, Jana

AU - Ridden-Harper, Ryan

AU - Tan, Nicole J.

AU - Tristram, Paul

AU - Brown, Tyler

AU - Bonavita, Mariangela

AU - Burgdorf, Martin

AU - Khalouei, Elahe

AU - Longa, Penelope

AU - Rabus, Markus

AU - Sajadian, Sedighe

AU - Jorgensen, Uffe Graae

AU - Dominik, Martin

AU - Kikwaya, Jean-Baptiste

AU - Epifani, Elena Mazzotta

AU - Dotto, Elisabetta

AU - Deshapriya, J. D. Prasanna

AU - Hasselmann, Pedro H.

AU - Dall'Ora, Massimo

AU - Abe, Lyu

AU - Guillot, Tristan

AU - Mekarnia, Djamel

AU - Agabi, Abdelkrim

AU - Bendjoya, Philippe

AU - Suarez, Olga

AU - Triaud, Amaury

AU - Gasparetto, Thomas

AU - Gunther, Maximillian N.

AU - Kueppers, Michael

AU - Merin, Bruno

AU - Chatelain, Joseph

AU - Gomez, Edward

AU - Usher, Helen

AU - Stoddard-Jones, Cai

AU - Bartnik, Matthew

AU - Bellaver, Michael

AU - Chetan, Brenna

AU - Dugan, Emma

AU - Fallon, Tori

AU - Fedewa, Jeremy

AU - Gerhard, Caitlyn

AU - Jacobson, Seth A.

AU - Painter, Shane

AU - Peterson, David-Michael

AU - Rodriguez, Joseph E.

AU - Smith, Cody

AU - Sokolovsky, Kirill V.

AU - Sullivan, Hannah

AU - Townley, Kate

AU - Watson, Sarah

AU - Webb, Levi

AU - Trigo-Rodrıguez, Josep M.

AU - Llenas, Josep M.

AU - Perez-Garcıa, Ignacio

AU - Castro-Tirado, A. J.

AU - Vincent, Jean-Baptiste

AU - Migliorini, Alessandra

AU - Lazzarin, Monica

AU - Forgia, Fiorangela La

AU - Ferrari, Fabio

AU - Polakis, Tom

AU - Skiff, Brian

PY - 2023/12/13

Y1 - 2023/12/13

N2 - The impact of the DART spacecraft into Dimorphos, moon of the asteroid Didymos, changed Dimorphos' orbit substantially, largely from the ejection of material. We present results from twelve Earth-based facilities involved in a world-wide campaign to monitor the brightness and morphology of the ejecta in the first 35 days after impact. After an initial brightening of ~1.4 magnitudes, we find consistent dimming rates of 0.11-0.12 magnitudes/day in the first week, and 0.08-0.09 magnitudes/day over the entire study period. The system returned to its pre-impact brightness 24.3-25.3 days after impact through the primary ejecta tail remained. The dimming paused briefly eight days after impact, near in time to the appearance of the second tail. This was likely due to a secondary release of material after re-impact of a boulder released in the initial impact, through movement of the primary ejecta through the aperture likely played a role.

AB - The impact of the DART spacecraft into Dimorphos, moon of the asteroid Didymos, changed Dimorphos' orbit substantially, largely from the ejection of material. We present results from twelve Earth-based facilities involved in a world-wide campaign to monitor the brightness and morphology of the ejecta in the first 35 days after impact. After an initial brightening of ~1.4 magnitudes, we find consistent dimming rates of 0.11-0.12 magnitudes/day in the first week, and 0.08-0.09 magnitudes/day over the entire study period. The system returned to its pre-impact brightness 24.3-25.3 days after impact through the primary ejecta tail remained. The dimming paused briefly eight days after impact, near in time to the appearance of the second tail. This was likely due to a secondary release of material after re-impact of a boulder released in the initial impact, through movement of the primary ejecta through the aperture likely played a role.

U2 - 10.3847/2041-8213/ad0fdd

DO - 10.3847/2041-8213/ad0fdd

M3 - Article

SN - 2041-8205

VL - 959

JO - Astrophysical Journal Letters

JF - Astrophysical Journal Letters

M1 - L12

ER -

Ejecta Evolution Following a Planned Impact into an Asteroid: The First Five Weeks

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