Dynamic Distribution Grid Planning Considering Frequency Response Services From Storage

Increase in penetration of uncertain, variable, and non-dispatchable resources in power systems is creating tremendous pressure on frequency regulation (FR). To overcome this issue, power systems require low-carbon flexible resources. In this regard, battery energy storage system (BESS) is gaining significant attention due to its fast-ramping capabilities. Apart from FR, BESS can offer numerous services such as energy arbitrage, peak-shaving etc. However, inadequate allocation of BESS may increase the cost or result in poor performance. Therefore, this paper presents a framework to optimally allocate storage in distribution grid by incorporating FR service. The planning model is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) and aims to minimize total planning cost over planning horizon of 10 years. The model determines location, power and energy ratings and year of installation of storage along with optimal charging/discharging and power allocation for FR service. The applicability of the dynamic planning model is demonstrated on a UK-based real world 51-bus distribution grid. Simulation results show that integration of BESS with FR service gives cost-effective and efficient planning of grid.