Distinguishing stage 1 and 2 reverse osmosis permeates using fluorescence spectroscopy

Engineering & Materials Science

• Fluorescence spectroscopy 100%
• Reverse osmosis 76%
• Fluorescence 67%
• Monitoring 14%
• Organic carbon 12%
• Water treatment plants 12%
• Water quality 10%
• Spectroscopy 9%
• Membranes 7%
• Chemical analysis 5%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• fluorescence spectroscopy 72%
• reverse osmosis 60%
• fluorescence 51%
• monitoring 13%
• water treatment plant 9%
• dissolved organic carbon 8%
• spectroscopy 7%
• conductivity 6%
• membrane 5%
• water quality 5%
• matrix 5%
• method 3%

Chemistry

• Reverse Osmosis 70%
• Fluorescence Spectroscopy 53%
• Fluorescence 33%
• Fluorescence Peak 13%
• Conductivity 6%
• Spectroscopy 6%
• Application 3%