Distinct personality profiles associated with disease risk and diagnostic status in eating disorders

Zuo Zhang; Lauren Robinson; Iain Campbell; Madeleine Irish; Marina Bobou; Jeanne Winterer; Yuning Zhang; Sinead King; Nilakshi Vaidya; M. John Broulidakis; Betteke Maria van Noort; Argyris Stringaris; Tobias Banaschewski; Arun L.W. Bokde; Rüdiger Brühl; Juliane H. Fröhner; Antoine Grigis; Hugh Garavan; Penny Gowland; Andreas Heinz; Sarah Hohmann; Jean Luc Martinot; Marie Laure Paillère Martinot; Frauke Nees; Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos; Tomáš Paus; Luise Poustka; Julia Sinclair; Michael N. Smolka; Henrik Walter; Robert Whelan; Gunter Schumann; Ulrike Schmidt; Sylvane Desrivières; IMAGEN Consortium; ESTRA Consortium; STRATIFY Consortium

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.132

Distinct personality profiles associated with disease risk and diagnostic status in eating disorders

Zuo Zhang
, Lauren Robinson
, Iain Campbell
, Madeleine Irish
, Marina Bobou
, Jeanne Winterer
, Yuning Zhang
, Sinead King
, Nilakshi Vaidya
, M. John Broulidakis
, Betteke Maria van Noort
, Argyris Stringaris
, Tobias Banaschewski
, Arun L.W. Bokde
, Rüdiger Brühl
, Juliane H. Fröhner
, Antoine Grigis
, Hugh Garavan
, Penny Gowland
, Andreas Heinz

Sarah Hohmann, Jean Luc Martinot, Marie Laure Paillère Martinot, Frauke Nees, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Tomáš Paus, Luise Poustka, Julia Sinclair, Michael N. Smolka, Henrik Walter, Robert Whelan, Gunter Schumann, Ulrike Schmidt, Sylvane Desrivières^*, IMAGEN Consortium, ESTRA Consortium, STRATIFY Consortium

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

Background: Personality traits have been associated with eating disorders (EDs) and comorbidities. However, it is unclear which personality profiles are premorbid risk rather than diagnostic markers.

Methods: We explored associations between personality and ED-related mental health symptoms using canonical correlation analyses. We investigated personality risk profiles in a longitudinal sample, associating personality at age 14 with onset of mental health symptoms at ages 16 or 19. Diagnostic markers were identified in a sample of young adults with anorexia nervosa (AN, n = 58) or bulimia nervosa (BN, n = 63) and healthy controls (n = 47).

Results: Two significant premorbid risk profiles were identified, successively explaining 7.93 % and 5.60 % of shared variance (R_c²). The first combined neuroticism (canonical loading, r_s = 0.68), openness (r_s = 0.32), impulsivity (r_s = 0.29), and conscientiousness (r_s = 0.27), with future onset of anxiety symptoms (r_s = 0.87) and dieting (r_s = 0.58). The other, combined lower agreeableness (r_s = −0.60) and lower anxiety sensitivity (r_s = −0.47), with future deliberate self-harm (r_s = 0.76) and purging (r_s = 0.55). Personality profiles associated with “core psychopathology” in both AN (R_c² = 80.56 %) and BN diagnoses (R_c² = 64.38 %) comprised hopelessness (r_s = 0.95, 0.87) and neuroticism (r_s = 0.93, 0.94). For BN, this profile also included impulsivity (r_s = 0.60). Additionally, extraversion (r_s = 0.41) was associated with lower depressive risk in BN.

Limitations: The samples were not ethnically diverse. The clinical cohort included only females. There was non-random attrition in the longitudinal sample.

Conclusions: The results suggest neuroticism and impulsivity as risk and diagnostic markers for EDs, with neuroticism and hopelessness as shared diagnostic markers. They may inform the design of more personalised prevention and intervention strategies.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	146-155
Number of pages	10
Journal	Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume	360
Early online date	27 May 2024
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.132
Publication status	Published - 1 Sept 2024
Externally published	Yes

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

Keywords

Eating disorders
Personality
Risk factor
Diagnostic marker
Comorbidity

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Clinical Psychology
Psychiatry and Mental health

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Cite this

Zhang, Z., Robinson, L., Campbell, I., Irish, M., Bobou, M., Winterer, J., Zhang, Y., King, S., Vaidya, N., Broulidakis, M. J., van Noort, B. M., Stringaris, A., Banaschewski, T., Bokde, A. L. W., Brühl, R., Fröhner, J. H., Grigis, A., Garavan, H., Gowland, P., ... STRATIFY Consortium (2024). Distinct personality profiles associated with disease risk and diagnostic status in eating disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 360, 146-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.132

@article{b45f09ecca104ba7a5de972065582165,

title = "Distinct personality profiles associated with disease risk and diagnostic status in eating disorders",

abstract = "Background: Personality traits have been associated with eating disorders (EDs) and comorbidities. However, it is unclear which personality profiles are premorbid risk rather than diagnostic markers. Methods: We explored associations between personality and ED-related mental health symptoms using canonical correlation analyses. We investigated personality risk profiles in a longitudinal sample, associating personality at age 14 with onset of mental health symptoms at ages 16 or 19. Diagnostic markers were identified in a sample of young adults with anorexia nervosa (AN, n = 58) or bulimia nervosa (BN, n = 63) and healthy controls (n = 47). Results: Two significant premorbid risk profiles were identified, successively explaining 7.93 \% and 5.60 \% of shared variance (Rc2). The first combined neuroticism (canonical loading, rs = 0.68), openness (rs = 0.32), impulsivity (rs = 0.29), and conscientiousness (rs = 0.27), with future onset of anxiety symptoms (rs = 0.87) and dieting (rs = 0.58). The other, combined lower agreeableness (rs = −0.60) and lower anxiety sensitivity (rs = −0.47), with future deliberate self-harm (rs = 0.76) and purging (rs = 0.55). Personality profiles associated with “core psychopathology” in both AN (Rc2 = 80.56 \%) and BN diagnoses (Rc2 = 64.38 \%) comprised hopelessness (rs = 0.95, 0.87) and neuroticism (rs = 0.93, 0.94). For BN, this profile also included impulsivity (rs = 0.60). Additionally, extraversion (rs = 0.41) was associated with lower depressive risk in BN.Limitations: The samples were not ethnically diverse. The clinical cohort included only females. There was non-random attrition in the longitudinal sample. Conclusions: The results suggest neuroticism and impulsivity as risk and diagnostic markers for EDs, with neuroticism and hopelessness as shared diagnostic markers. They may inform the design of more personalised prevention and intervention strategies.",

keywords = "Eating disorders, Personality, Risk factor, Diagnostic marker, Comorbidity",

author = "Zuo Zhang and Lauren Robinson and Iain Campbell and Madeleine Irish and Marina Bobou and Jeanne Winterer and Yuning Zhang and Sinead King and Nilakshi Vaidya and Broulidakis, \{M. John\} and \{van Noort\}, \{Betteke Maria\} and Argyris Stringaris and Tobias Banaschewski and Bokde, \{Arun L.W.\} and R{\"u}diger Br{\"u}hl and Fr{\"o}hner, \{Juliane H.\} and Antoine Grigis and Hugh Garavan and Penny Gowland and Andreas Heinz and Sarah Hohmann and Martinot, \{Jean Luc\} and \{Paill{\`e}re Martinot\}, \{Marie Laure\} and Frauke Nees and Orfanos, \{Dimitri Papadopoulos\} and Tom{\'a}{\v s} Paus and Luise Poustka and Julia Sinclair and Smolka, \{Michael N.\} and Henrik Walter and Robert Whelan and Gunter Schumann and Ulrike Schmidt and Sylvane Desrivi{\`e}res and \{IMAGEN Consortium\} and \{ESTRA Consortium\} and \{STRATIFY Consortium\}",

year = "2024",

month = sep,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.132",

language = "English",

volume = "360",

pages = "146--155",

journal = "Journal of Affective Disorders",

issn = "0165-0327",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

Zhang, Z, Robinson, L, Campbell, I, Irish, M, Bobou, M, Winterer, J, Zhang, Y, King, S, Vaidya, N, Broulidakis, MJ, van Noort, BM, Stringaris, A, Banaschewski, T, Bokde, ALW, Brühl, R, Fröhner, JH, Grigis, A, Garavan, H, Gowland, P, Heinz, A, Hohmann, S, Martinot, JL, Paillère Martinot, ML, Nees, F, Orfanos, DP, Paus, T, Poustka, L, Sinclair, J, Smolka, MN, Walter, H, Whelan, R, Schumann, G, Schmidt, U, Desrivières, S, IMAGEN Consortium, ESTRA Consortium & STRATIFY Consortium 2024, 'Distinct personality profiles associated with disease risk and diagnostic status in eating disorders', Journal of Affective Disorders, vol. 360, pp. 146-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.132

TY - JOUR

T1 - Distinct personality profiles associated with disease risk and diagnostic status in eating disorders

AU - Zhang, Zuo

AU - Robinson, Lauren

AU - Campbell, Iain

AU - Irish, Madeleine

AU - Bobou, Marina

AU - Winterer, Jeanne

AU - Zhang, Yuning

AU - King, Sinead

AU - Vaidya, Nilakshi

AU - Broulidakis, M. John

AU - van Noort, Betteke Maria

AU - Stringaris, Argyris

AU - Banaschewski, Tobias

AU - Bokde, Arun L.W.

AU - Brühl, Rüdiger

AU - Fröhner, Juliane H.

AU - Grigis, Antoine

AU - Garavan, Hugh

AU - Gowland, Penny

AU - Heinz, Andreas

AU - Hohmann, Sarah

AU - Martinot, Jean Luc

AU - Paillère Martinot, Marie Laure

AU - Nees, Frauke

AU - Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos

AU - Paus, Tomáš

AU - Poustka, Luise

AU - Sinclair, Julia

AU - Smolka, Michael N.

AU - Walter, Henrik

AU - Whelan, Robert

AU - Schumann, Gunter

AU - Schmidt, Ulrike

AU - Desrivières, Sylvane

AU - IMAGEN Consortium

AU - ESTRA Consortium

AU - STRATIFY Consortium

PY - 2024/9/1

Y1 - 2024/9/1

N2 - Background: Personality traits have been associated with eating disorders (EDs) and comorbidities. However, it is unclear which personality profiles are premorbid risk rather than diagnostic markers. Methods: We explored associations between personality and ED-related mental health symptoms using canonical correlation analyses. We investigated personality risk profiles in a longitudinal sample, associating personality at age 14 with onset of mental health symptoms at ages 16 or 19. Diagnostic markers were identified in a sample of young adults with anorexia nervosa (AN, n = 58) or bulimia nervosa (BN, n = 63) and healthy controls (n = 47). Results: Two significant premorbid risk profiles were identified, successively explaining 7.93 % and 5.60 % of shared variance (Rc2). The first combined neuroticism (canonical loading, rs = 0.68), openness (rs = 0.32), impulsivity (rs = 0.29), and conscientiousness (rs = 0.27), with future onset of anxiety symptoms (rs = 0.87) and dieting (rs = 0.58). The other, combined lower agreeableness (rs = −0.60) and lower anxiety sensitivity (rs = −0.47), with future deliberate self-harm (rs = 0.76) and purging (rs = 0.55). Personality profiles associated with “core psychopathology” in both AN (Rc2 = 80.56 %) and BN diagnoses (Rc2 = 64.38 %) comprised hopelessness (rs = 0.95, 0.87) and neuroticism (rs = 0.93, 0.94). For BN, this profile also included impulsivity (rs = 0.60). Additionally, extraversion (rs = 0.41) was associated with lower depressive risk in BN.Limitations: The samples were not ethnically diverse. The clinical cohort included only females. There was non-random attrition in the longitudinal sample. Conclusions: The results suggest neuroticism and impulsivity as risk and diagnostic markers for EDs, with neuroticism and hopelessness as shared diagnostic markers. They may inform the design of more personalised prevention and intervention strategies.

AB - Background: Personality traits have been associated with eating disorders (EDs) and comorbidities. However, it is unclear which personality profiles are premorbid risk rather than diagnostic markers. Methods: We explored associations between personality and ED-related mental health symptoms using canonical correlation analyses. We investigated personality risk profiles in a longitudinal sample, associating personality at age 14 with onset of mental health symptoms at ages 16 or 19. Diagnostic markers were identified in a sample of young adults with anorexia nervosa (AN, n = 58) or bulimia nervosa (BN, n = 63) and healthy controls (n = 47). Results: Two significant premorbid risk profiles were identified, successively explaining 7.93 % and 5.60 % of shared variance (Rc2). The first combined neuroticism (canonical loading, rs = 0.68), openness (rs = 0.32), impulsivity (rs = 0.29), and conscientiousness (rs = 0.27), with future onset of anxiety symptoms (rs = 0.87) and dieting (rs = 0.58). The other, combined lower agreeableness (rs = −0.60) and lower anxiety sensitivity (rs = −0.47), with future deliberate self-harm (rs = 0.76) and purging (rs = 0.55). Personality profiles associated with “core psychopathology” in both AN (Rc2 = 80.56 %) and BN diagnoses (Rc2 = 64.38 %) comprised hopelessness (rs = 0.95, 0.87) and neuroticism (rs = 0.93, 0.94). For BN, this profile also included impulsivity (rs = 0.60). Additionally, extraversion (rs = 0.41) was associated with lower depressive risk in BN.Limitations: The samples were not ethnically diverse. The clinical cohort included only females. There was non-random attrition in the longitudinal sample. Conclusions: The results suggest neuroticism and impulsivity as risk and diagnostic markers for EDs, with neuroticism and hopelessness as shared diagnostic markers. They may inform the design of more personalised prevention and intervention strategies.

KW - Eating disorders

KW - Personality

KW - Risk factor

KW - Diagnostic marker

KW - Comorbidity

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85194950087

U2 - 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.132

DO - 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.132

M3 - Article

C2 - 38810783

AN - SCOPUS:85194950087

SN - 0165-0327

VL - 360

SP - 146

EP - 155

JO - Journal of Affective Disorders

JF - Journal of Affective Disorders

ER -

Distinct personality profiles associated with disease risk and diagnostic status in eating disorders

Abstract

UN SDGs

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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