Comparison and analysis of phase change materials-based reconfigurable silicon photonic directional couplers

Ting Yu Teo; Milos Krbal; Jan Mistrik; Jan Prikryl; Li Lu; Robert Edward Simpson

doi:10.1364/OME.447289

Comparison and analysis of phase change materials-based reconfigurable silicon photonic directional couplers

Ting Yu Teo, Milos Krbal, Jan Mistrik, Jan Prikryl, Li Lu, Robert Edward Simpson

Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

16 Citations (Scopus)

191 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

The unique optical properties of phase change materials (PCMs) can be exploited to develop efficient reconfigurable photonic devices. Here, we design, model, and compare the performance of programmable 1 × 2 optical couplers based on: Ge₂Sb₂Te₅, Ge₂Sb₂Se₄Te₁, Sb₂Se₃, and Sb₂S₃ PCMs. Once programmed, these devices are passive, which can reduce the overall energy consumed compared to thermo-optic or electro-optic reconfigurable devices. Of all the PCMs studied, our ellipsometry refractive index measurements show that Sb₂S₃ has the lowest absorption in the telecommunications wavelength band. Moreover, Sb₂S₃ -based couplers show the best overall performance, with the lowest insertion losses in both the amorphous and crystalline states. We show that by growth crystallization tuning at least four different coupling ratios can be reliably programmed into the Sb₂S₃ directional couplers. We used this effect to design a 2-bit tuneable Sb₂S₃ directional coupler with a dynamic range close to 32 dB. The bit-depth of the coupler appears to be limited by the crystallization stochasticity.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	606-621
Number of pages	16
Journal	Optical Materials Express
Volume	12
Issue number	2
Early online date	14 Jan 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1364/OME.447289
Publication status	Published - 1 Feb 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Agency for Science, Technology and Research (#A18A7b0058); Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy (LM2018103); Grantová Agentura České Republiky (19-17997S). This work was funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) under the Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering (AME) grant #A18A7b0058; Grantová Agentura České Republiky, Grant number: 19-17997S; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy, Grant number: LM2018103. The work was carried out under the auspices of the SUTD-MIT International Design Centre and the University of Pardubice. LL is grateful for his Ministry of Education Singapore PhD scholarship.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

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Cite this

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title = "Comparison and analysis of phase change materials-based reconfigurable silicon photonic directional couplers",

abstract = "The unique optical properties of phase change materials (PCMs) can be exploited to develop efficient reconfigurable photonic devices. Here, we design, model, and compare the performance of programmable 1 × 2 optical couplers based on: Ge2Sb2Te5, Ge2Sb2Se4Te1, Sb2Se3, and Sb2S3 PCMs. Once programmed, these devices are passive, which can reduce the overall energy consumed compared to thermo-optic or electro-optic reconfigurable devices. Of all the PCMs studied, our ellipsometry refractive index measurements show that Sb2S3 has the lowest absorption in the telecommunications wavelength band. Moreover, Sb2S3 -based couplers show the best overall performance, with the lowest insertion losses in both the amorphous and crystalline states. We show that by growth crystallization tuning at least four different coupling ratios can be reliably programmed into the Sb2S3 directional couplers. We used this effect to design a 2-bit tuneable Sb2S3 directional coupler with a dynamic range close to 32 dB. The bit-depth of the coupler appears to be limited by the crystallization stochasticity.",

author = "Teo, {Ting Yu} and Milos Krbal and Jan Mistrik and Jan Prikryl and Li Lu and Simpson, {Robert Edward}",

note = "Funding Information: Agency for Science, Technology and Research (#A18A7b0058); Ministerstvo {\v S}kolstv{\'i}, Ml{\'a}de{\v z}e a T{\v e}lov{\'y}chovy (LM2018103); Grantov{\'a} Agentura {\v C}esk{\'e} Republiky (19-17997S). This work was funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) under the Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering (AME) grant #A18A7b0058; Grantov{\'a} Agentura {\v C}esk{\'e} Republiky, Grant number: 19-17997S; Ministerstvo {\v S}kolstv{\'i}, Ml{\'a}de{\v z}e a T{\v e}lov{\'y}chovy, Grant number: LM2018103. The work was carried out under the auspices of the SUTD-MIT International Design Centre and the University of Pardubice. LL is grateful for his Ministry of Education Singapore PhD scholarship. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement",

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AU - Lu, Li

AU - Simpson, Robert Edward

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N2 - The unique optical properties of phase change materials (PCMs) can be exploited to develop efficient reconfigurable photonic devices. Here, we design, model, and compare the performance of programmable 1 × 2 optical couplers based on: Ge2Sb2Te5, Ge2Sb2Se4Te1, Sb2Se3, and Sb2S3 PCMs. Once programmed, these devices are passive, which can reduce the overall energy consumed compared to thermo-optic or electro-optic reconfigurable devices. Of all the PCMs studied, our ellipsometry refractive index measurements show that Sb2S3 has the lowest absorption in the telecommunications wavelength band. Moreover, Sb2S3 -based couplers show the best overall performance, with the lowest insertion losses in both the amorphous and crystalline states. We show that by growth crystallization tuning at least four different coupling ratios can be reliably programmed into the Sb2S3 directional couplers. We used this effect to design a 2-bit tuneable Sb2S3 directional coupler with a dynamic range close to 32 dB. The bit-depth of the coupler appears to be limited by the crystallization stochasticity.

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Comparison and analysis of phase change materials-based reconfigurable silicon photonic directional couplers

Abstract

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