Chemical source profiles of fine particles for five different sources in Delhi

Sarkawt Hama; Prashant Kumar; Mohammed S. Alam; Daniel J. Rooney; William J. Bloss; Zongbo Shi; Roy M. Harrison; Leigh R. Crilley; Mukesh Khare; Sanjay Kumar Gupta

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129913

Chemical source profiles of fine particles for five different sources in Delhi

Sarkawt Hama, Prashant Kumar^*, Mohammed S. Alam, Daniel J. Rooney, William J. Bloss, Zongbo Shi, Roy M. Harrison, Leigh R. Crilley, Mukesh Khare, Sanjay Kumar Gupta

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

Increasing emissions from sources such as construction and burning of biomass from crop residues, roadside and municipal solid waste have led to a rapid increase in the atmospheric concentrations of fine particulate matter (≤2.5 μm; PM_2.5) over many Indian cities. Analyses of their chemical profiles are important for receptor models to accurately estimate the contributions from different sources. We have developed chemical source profiles for five important pollutant sources - construction (CON), paved road dust (PRD), roadside biomass burning (RBB), solid waste burning (SWB), and crop residue burning (CPB) - during three intensive campaigns (winter, summer and post-monsoon) in and around Delhi. We obtained chemical characterisations of source profiles incorporating carbonaceous material such as organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble ions (F⁻, Cl⁻, NO₂⁻, NO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻, PO₄³⁻, Na⁺ and NH₄⁺), and elements (Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Rb, Sr, Ba, and Pb). CON was dominated by the most abundant elements, K, Si, Fe, Al, and Ca. PRD was also dominated by crustal elements, accounting for 91% of the total analysed elements. RBB, SWB and CPB profiles were dominated by organic matter, which accounted for 94%, 86.2% and 86% of the total PM_2.5, respectively. The database of PM emission profiles developed from the sources investigated can be used to assist source apportionment studies for accurate quantification of the causes of air pollution and hence assist governmental bodies in formulating relevant countermeasures.

Original language	English
Article number	129913
Number of pages	15
Journal	Chemosphere
Volume	274
Early online date	9 Feb 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129913
Publication status	Published - Jul 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work is led by the University of Surrey’s GCARE team under the framework of the project – An Integrated Study of Air Pollutant Sources in the Delhi National Capital Region (ASAP-Delhi) – that has been supported by the UK Natural Environmental Research Council ( NERC ) [grant number NE/P016510/1 ; NE/P016499/1 ] as a part of the UK-India NERC - MoES programme on Air Pollution and Human Health in an Indian Megacity (Delhi). The authors thank Arvind Tiwari (GCARE, University of Surrey) and Louisa Kramer (University of Birmingham) for their help during the fieldwork.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Author(s)

Keywords

Chemical composition
Megacity Delhi
PM emission
Receptor modelling
Source marker
Source profiles

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Environmental Engineering
Environmental Chemistry
General Chemistry
Pollution
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Cite this

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title = "Chemical source profiles of fine particles for five different sources in Delhi",

abstract = "Increasing emissions from sources such as construction and burning of biomass from crop residues, roadside and municipal solid waste have led to a rapid increase in the atmospheric concentrations of fine particulate matter (≤2.5 μm; PM2.5) over many Indian cities. Analyses of their chemical profiles are important for receptor models to accurately estimate the contributions from different sources. We have developed chemical source profiles for five important pollutant sources - construction (CON), paved road dust (PRD), roadside biomass burning (RBB), solid waste burning (SWB), and crop residue burning (CPB) - during three intensive campaigns (winter, summer and post-monsoon) in and around Delhi. We obtained chemical characterisations of source profiles incorporating carbonaceous material such as organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble ions (F−, Cl−, NO2−, NO3−, SO42−, PO43−, Na+ and NH4+), and elements (Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Rb, Sr, Ba, and Pb). CON was dominated by the most abundant elements, K, Si, Fe, Al, and Ca. PRD was also dominated by crustal elements, accounting for 91% of the total analysed elements. RBB, SWB and CPB profiles were dominated by organic matter, which accounted for 94%, 86.2% and 86% of the total PM2.5, respectively. The database of PM emission profiles developed from the sources investigated can be used to assist source apportionment studies for accurate quantification of the causes of air pollution and hence assist governmental bodies in formulating relevant countermeasures.",

keywords = "Chemical composition, Megacity Delhi, PM emission, Receptor modelling, Source marker, Source profiles",

author = "Sarkawt Hama and Prashant Kumar and Alam, {Mohammed S.} and Rooney, {Daniel J.} and Bloss, {William J.} and Zongbo Shi and Harrison, {Roy M.} and Crilley, {Leigh R.} and Mukesh Khare and Gupta, {Sanjay Kumar}",

note = "Funding Information: This work is led by the University of Surrey{\textquoteright}s GCARE team under the framework of the project – An Integrated Study of Air Pollutant Sources in the Delhi National Capital Region (ASAP-Delhi) – that has been supported by the UK Natural Environmental Research Council ( NERC ) [grant number NE/P016510/1 ; NE/P016499/1 ] as a part of the UK-India NERC - MoES programme on Air Pollution and Human Health in an Indian Megacity (Delhi). The authors thank Arvind Tiwari (GCARE, University of Surrey) and Louisa Kramer (University of Birmingham) for their help during the fieldwork. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Author(s)",

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doi = "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129913",

language = "English",

volume = "274",

journal = "Chemosphere",

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T1 - Chemical source profiles of fine particles for five different sources in Delhi

AU - Hama, Sarkawt

AU - Kumar, Prashant

AU - Alam, Mohammed S.

AU - Rooney, Daniel J.

AU - Bloss, William J.

AU - Shi, Zongbo

AU - Harrison, Roy M.

AU - Crilley, Leigh R.

AU - Khare, Mukesh

AU - Gupta, Sanjay Kumar

N1 - Funding Information: This work is led by the University of Surrey’s GCARE team under the framework of the project – An Integrated Study of Air Pollutant Sources in the Delhi National Capital Region (ASAP-Delhi) – that has been supported by the UK Natural Environmental Research Council ( NERC ) [grant number NE/P016510/1 ; NE/P016499/1 ] as a part of the UK-India NERC - MoES programme on Air Pollution and Human Health in an Indian Megacity (Delhi). The authors thank Arvind Tiwari (GCARE, University of Surrey) and Louisa Kramer (University of Birmingham) for their help during the fieldwork. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s)

PY - 2021/7

Y1 - 2021/7

N2 - Increasing emissions from sources such as construction and burning of biomass from crop residues, roadside and municipal solid waste have led to a rapid increase in the atmospheric concentrations of fine particulate matter (≤2.5 μm; PM2.5) over many Indian cities. Analyses of their chemical profiles are important for receptor models to accurately estimate the contributions from different sources. We have developed chemical source profiles for five important pollutant sources - construction (CON), paved road dust (PRD), roadside biomass burning (RBB), solid waste burning (SWB), and crop residue burning (CPB) - during three intensive campaigns (winter, summer and post-monsoon) in and around Delhi. We obtained chemical characterisations of source profiles incorporating carbonaceous material such as organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble ions (F−, Cl−, NO2−, NO3−, SO42−, PO43−, Na+ and NH4+), and elements (Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Rb, Sr, Ba, and Pb). CON was dominated by the most abundant elements, K, Si, Fe, Al, and Ca. PRD was also dominated by crustal elements, accounting for 91% of the total analysed elements. RBB, SWB and CPB profiles were dominated by organic matter, which accounted for 94%, 86.2% and 86% of the total PM2.5, respectively. The database of PM emission profiles developed from the sources investigated can be used to assist source apportionment studies for accurate quantification of the causes of air pollution and hence assist governmental bodies in formulating relevant countermeasures.

AB - Increasing emissions from sources such as construction and burning of biomass from crop residues, roadside and municipal solid waste have led to a rapid increase in the atmospheric concentrations of fine particulate matter (≤2.5 μm; PM2.5) over many Indian cities. Analyses of their chemical profiles are important for receptor models to accurately estimate the contributions from different sources. We have developed chemical source profiles for five important pollutant sources - construction (CON), paved road dust (PRD), roadside biomass burning (RBB), solid waste burning (SWB), and crop residue burning (CPB) - during three intensive campaigns (winter, summer and post-monsoon) in and around Delhi. We obtained chemical characterisations of source profiles incorporating carbonaceous material such as organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble ions (F−, Cl−, NO2−, NO3−, SO42−, PO43−, Na+ and NH4+), and elements (Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Rb, Sr, Ba, and Pb). CON was dominated by the most abundant elements, K, Si, Fe, Al, and Ca. PRD was also dominated by crustal elements, accounting for 91% of the total analysed elements. RBB, SWB and CPB profiles were dominated by organic matter, which accounted for 94%, 86.2% and 86% of the total PM2.5, respectively. The database of PM emission profiles developed from the sources investigated can be used to assist source apportionment studies for accurate quantification of the causes of air pollution and hence assist governmental bodies in formulating relevant countermeasures.

KW - Chemical composition

KW - Megacity Delhi

KW - PM emission

KW - Receptor modelling

KW - Source marker

KW - Source profiles

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DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129913

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SN - 0045-6535

VL - 274

JO - Chemosphere

JF - Chemosphere

M1 - 129913

ER -

Chemical source profiles of fine particles for five different sources in Delhi

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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