TY - JOUR
T1 - Characterisation of flow behaviour and velocity induced by ultrasound using particle image velocimetry (PIV):
T2 - Effect of fluid rheology, acoustic intensity and transducer tip size
AU - O'Sullivan, Jonathan
AU - Espinoza, Cyrus
AU - Mihailova, Olga
AU - Alberini, Federico
PY - 2018/11/1
Y1 - 2018/11/1
N2 - Acoustic streaming phenomena of ultrasound propagation through liquid media was investigated experimentally employing particle image velocimetry (PIV). Parameters associated with the ultrasonic processor of ultrasonic amplitude (i.e., acoustic power) and transducer tip diameter (i.e., surface area), as well as, fluid rheology (i.e., water, glycerol solution and CMC solution), were studied for their effects on overall flow behaviour and fluid velocity. PIV yielded velocity gradient maps, demonstrating the acoustic streaming phenomena of ultrasound and its associated flow behaviour as a function of ultrasonic amplitude and fluid rheology, whereby increasing amplitude allowed for greater penetration of the acoustic-beam through the bulk of the fluid, and increasing fluid rheology yielded the converse effect. Moreover, upon impingement of the acoustic-beam with the base of vessel, vortex formation occurred, yielding a recirculation pattern. The maximum observed fluid velocities for water, glycerol solution and CMC solution were 0.329 m s−1, 0.423 m s−1, and 0.304 m s−1, respectively (large diameter sonotrode tip for an ultrasonic amplitude of 80%). Furthermore, shear rates were attained (maximum values of 24.25 s−1), and Reynolds numbers were determined in order to assess the degree of turbulence as a function of investigated parameters.
AB - Acoustic streaming phenomena of ultrasound propagation through liquid media was investigated experimentally employing particle image velocimetry (PIV). Parameters associated with the ultrasonic processor of ultrasonic amplitude (i.e., acoustic power) and transducer tip diameter (i.e., surface area), as well as, fluid rheology (i.e., water, glycerol solution and CMC solution), were studied for their effects on overall flow behaviour and fluid velocity. PIV yielded velocity gradient maps, demonstrating the acoustic streaming phenomena of ultrasound and its associated flow behaviour as a function of ultrasonic amplitude and fluid rheology, whereby increasing amplitude allowed for greater penetration of the acoustic-beam through the bulk of the fluid, and increasing fluid rheology yielded the converse effect. Moreover, upon impingement of the acoustic-beam with the base of vessel, vortex formation occurred, yielding a recirculation pattern. The maximum observed fluid velocities for water, glycerol solution and CMC solution were 0.329 m s−1, 0.423 m s−1, and 0.304 m s−1, respectively (large diameter sonotrode tip for an ultrasonic amplitude of 80%). Furthermore, shear rates were attained (maximum values of 24.25 s−1), and Reynolds numbers were determined in order to assess the degree of turbulence as a function of investigated parameters.
KW - Ultrasound
KW - PIV
KW - flow behaviour
KW - velocity characterisation
KW - Newtonian fluids
KW - Non-Newtonian fluids
U2 - 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.05.037
DO - 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.05.037
M3 - Article
SN - 1350-4177
VL - 48
SP - 218
EP - 230
JO - Ultrasonics Sonochemistry
JF - Ultrasonics Sonochemistry
ER -