Biogenic and anthropogenic sources of isoprene and monoterpenes and their secondary organic aerosol in Delhi, India

Daniel J. Bryant; Beth S. Nelson; Stefan J.  Swift; Sri Hapsari Budisulistiorini; Will S. Drysdale; Adam R. Vaughan; Mike J. Newland; James R.  Hopkins; James M. Cash; Ben Langford; Eiko Nemitz; Joe Acton; C. Nicholas Hewitt; Tuhin K. Mandal; Bhola R. Gurjar; null Shivani; Ranu  Gadi; James D. Lee; Andrew R. Rickard; Jacqueline F. Hamilton

doi:10.5194/acp-23-61-2023

Biogenic and anthropogenic sources of isoprene and monoterpenes and their secondary organic aerosol in Delhi, India

Daniel J. Bryant^*, Beth S. Nelson, Stefan J. Swift, Sri Hapsari Budisulistiorini, Will S. Drysdale, Adam R. Vaughan, Mike J. Newland, James R. Hopkins, James M. Cash, Ben Langford, Eiko Nemitz, Joe Acton, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Tuhin K. Mandal, Bhola R. Gurjar, Shivani, Ranu Gadi, James D. Lee, Andrew R. Rickard, Jacqueline F. Hamilton

^*Corresponding author for this work

Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Isoprene and monoterpene emissions to the atmosphere are generally dominated by biogenic sources. The oxidation of these compounds can lead to the production of secondary organic aerosol; however the impact of this chemistry in polluted urban settings has been poorly studied. Isoprene and monoterpenes can form secondary organic aerosol (SOA) heterogeneously via anthropogenic–biogenic interactions, resulting in the formation of organosulfate (OS) and nitrooxy-organosulfate (NOS) species. Delhi, India, is one of the most polluted cities in the world, but little is known about the emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or the sources of SOA. As part of the DELHI-FLUX project, gas-phase mixing ratios of isoprene and speciated monoterpenes were measured during pre- and post-monsoon measurement campaigns in central Delhi. Nocturnal mixing ratios of the VOCs were substantially higher during the post-monsoon (isoprene: (0.65±0.43) ppbv; limonene: (0.59±0.11) ppbv; α-pinene: (0.13±0.12) ppbv) than the pre-monsoon (isoprene: (0.13±0.18) ppbv; limonene: 0.011±0.025 (ppbv); α-pinene: 0.033±0.009) period. At night, isoprene and monoterpene concentrations correlated strongly with CO during the post-monsoon period. Filter samples of particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM_2.5) were collected and the OS and NOS content analysed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS²). Inorganic sulfate was shown to facilitate the formation of isoprene OS species across both campaigns. Sulfate contained within OS and NOS species was shown to contribute significantly to the sulfate signal measured via AMS. Strong nocturnal enhancements of NOS species were observed across both campaigns. The total concentration of OS and NOS species contributed an average of (2.0±0.9) % and (1.8±1.4) % to the total oxidized organic aerosol and up to a maximum of 4.2 % and 6.6 % across the pre- and post-monsoon periods, respectively. Overall, this study provides the first molecular-level measurements of SOA derived from isoprene and monoterpene in Delhi and demonstrates that both biogenic and anthropogenic sources of these compounds can be important in urban areas.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	61-83
Number of pages	23
Journal	Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Volume	23
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-61-2023
Publication status	Published - 3 Jan 2023

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Bryant, D. J., Nelson, B. S., Swift, S. J., Budisulistiorini, S. H., Drysdale, W. S., Vaughan, A. R., Newland, M. J., Hopkins, J. R., Cash, J. M., Langford, B., Nemitz, E., Acton, J., Hewitt, C. N., Mandal, T. K., Gurjar, B. R., Shivani, Gadi, R., Lee, J. D., Rickard, A. R., & Hamilton, J. F. (2023). Biogenic and anthropogenic sources of isoprene and monoterpenes and their secondary organic aerosol in Delhi, India. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 23(1), 61-83. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-61-2023

@article{bff56b1c41fc4a1289291b2b3a7cf46d,

title = "Biogenic and anthropogenic sources of isoprene and monoterpenes and their secondary organic aerosol in Delhi, India",

abstract = "Isoprene and monoterpene emissions to the atmosphere are generally dominated by biogenic sources. The oxidation of these compounds can lead to the production of secondary organic aerosol; however the impact of this chemistry in polluted urban settings has been poorly studied. Isoprene and monoterpenes can form secondary organic aerosol (SOA) heterogeneously via anthropogenic–biogenic interactions, resulting in the formation of organosulfate (OS) and nitrooxy-organosulfate (NOS) species. Delhi, India, is one of the most polluted cities in the world, but little is known about the emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or the sources of SOA. As part of the DELHI-FLUX project, gas-phase mixing ratios of isoprene and speciated monoterpenes were measured during pre- and post-monsoon measurement campaigns in central Delhi. Nocturnal mixing ratios of the VOCs were substantially higher during the post-monsoon (isoprene: (0.65±0.43) ppbv; limonene: (0.59±0.11) ppbv; α-pinene: (0.13±0.12) ppbv) than the pre-monsoon (isoprene: (0.13±0.18) ppbv; limonene: 0.011±0.025 (ppbv); α-pinene: 0.033±0.009) period. At night, isoprene and monoterpene concentrations correlated strongly with CO during the post-monsoon period. Filter samples of particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) were collected and the OS and NOS content analysed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS2). Inorganic sulfate was shown to facilitate the formation of isoprene OS species across both campaigns. Sulfate contained within OS and NOS species was shown to contribute significantly to the sulfate signal measured via AMS. Strong nocturnal enhancements of NOS species were observed across both campaigns. The total concentration of OS and NOS species contributed an average of (2.0±0.9) % and (1.8±1.4) % to the total oxidized organic aerosol and up to a maximum of 4.2 % and 6.6 % across the pre- and post-monsoon periods, respectively. Overall, this study provides the first molecular-level measurements of SOA derived from isoprene and monoterpene in Delhi and demonstrates that both biogenic and anthropogenic sources of these compounds can be important in urban areas.",

author = "Bryant, {Daniel J.} and Nelson, {Beth S.} and Swift, {Stefan J.} and Budisulistiorini, {Sri Hapsari} and Drysdale, {Will S.} and Vaughan, {Adam R.} and Newland, {Mike J.} and Hopkins, {James R.} and Cash, {James M.} and Ben Langford and Eiko Nemitz and Joe Acton and Hewitt, {C. Nicholas} and Mandal, {Tuhin K.} and Gurjar, {Bhola R.} and Shivani and Ranu Gadi and Lee, {James D.} and Rickard, {Andrew R.} and Hamilton, {Jacqueline F.}",

year = "2023",

month = jan,

day = "3",

doi = "10.5194/acp-23-61-2023",

language = "English",

volume = "23",

pages = "61--83",

journal = "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics",

issn = "1680-7324",

publisher = "Copernicus Publications",

number = "1",

}

Bryant, DJ, Nelson, BS, Swift, SJ, Budisulistiorini, SH, Drysdale, WS, Vaughan, AR, Newland, MJ, Hopkins, JR, Cash, JM, Langford, B, Nemitz, E, Acton, J, Hewitt, CN, Mandal, TK, Gurjar, BR, Shivani, Gadi, R, Lee, JD, Rickard, AR & Hamilton, JF 2023, 'Biogenic and anthropogenic sources of isoprene and monoterpenes and their secondary organic aerosol in Delhi, India', Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 61-83. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-61-2023

TY - JOUR

T1 - Biogenic and anthropogenic sources of isoprene and monoterpenes and their secondary organic aerosol in Delhi, India

AU - Bryant, Daniel J.

AU - Nelson, Beth S.

AU - Swift, Stefan J.

AU - Budisulistiorini, Sri Hapsari

AU - Drysdale, Will S.

AU - Vaughan, Adam R.

AU - Newland, Mike J.

AU - Hopkins, James R.

AU - Cash, James M.

AU - Langford, Ben

AU - Nemitz, Eiko

AU - Acton, Joe

AU - Hewitt, C. Nicholas

AU - Mandal, Tuhin K.

AU - Gurjar, Bhola R.

AU - Shivani, null

AU - Gadi, Ranu

AU - Lee, James D.

AU - Rickard, Andrew R.

AU - Hamilton, Jacqueline F.

PY - 2023/1/3

Y1 - 2023/1/3

N2 - Isoprene and monoterpene emissions to the atmosphere are generally dominated by biogenic sources. The oxidation of these compounds can lead to the production of secondary organic aerosol; however the impact of this chemistry in polluted urban settings has been poorly studied. Isoprene and monoterpenes can form secondary organic aerosol (SOA) heterogeneously via anthropogenic–biogenic interactions, resulting in the formation of organosulfate (OS) and nitrooxy-organosulfate (NOS) species. Delhi, India, is one of the most polluted cities in the world, but little is known about the emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or the sources of SOA. As part of the DELHI-FLUX project, gas-phase mixing ratios of isoprene and speciated monoterpenes were measured during pre- and post-monsoon measurement campaigns in central Delhi. Nocturnal mixing ratios of the VOCs were substantially higher during the post-monsoon (isoprene: (0.65±0.43) ppbv; limonene: (0.59±0.11) ppbv; α-pinene: (0.13±0.12) ppbv) than the pre-monsoon (isoprene: (0.13±0.18) ppbv; limonene: 0.011±0.025 (ppbv); α-pinene: 0.033±0.009) period. At night, isoprene and monoterpene concentrations correlated strongly with CO during the post-monsoon period. Filter samples of particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) were collected and the OS and NOS content analysed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS2). Inorganic sulfate was shown to facilitate the formation of isoprene OS species across both campaigns. Sulfate contained within OS and NOS species was shown to contribute significantly to the sulfate signal measured via AMS. Strong nocturnal enhancements of NOS species were observed across both campaigns. The total concentration of OS and NOS species contributed an average of (2.0±0.9) % and (1.8±1.4) % to the total oxidized organic aerosol and up to a maximum of 4.2 % and 6.6 % across the pre- and post-monsoon periods, respectively. Overall, this study provides the first molecular-level measurements of SOA derived from isoprene and monoterpene in Delhi and demonstrates that both biogenic and anthropogenic sources of these compounds can be important in urban areas.

AB - Isoprene and monoterpene emissions to the atmosphere are generally dominated by biogenic sources. The oxidation of these compounds can lead to the production of secondary organic aerosol; however the impact of this chemistry in polluted urban settings has been poorly studied. Isoprene and monoterpenes can form secondary organic aerosol (SOA) heterogeneously via anthropogenic–biogenic interactions, resulting in the formation of organosulfate (OS) and nitrooxy-organosulfate (NOS) species. Delhi, India, is one of the most polluted cities in the world, but little is known about the emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or the sources of SOA. As part of the DELHI-FLUX project, gas-phase mixing ratios of isoprene and speciated monoterpenes were measured during pre- and post-monsoon measurement campaigns in central Delhi. Nocturnal mixing ratios of the VOCs were substantially higher during the post-monsoon (isoprene: (0.65±0.43) ppbv; limonene: (0.59±0.11) ppbv; α-pinene: (0.13±0.12) ppbv) than the pre-monsoon (isoprene: (0.13±0.18) ppbv; limonene: 0.011±0.025 (ppbv); α-pinene: 0.033±0.009) period. At night, isoprene and monoterpene concentrations correlated strongly with CO during the post-monsoon period. Filter samples of particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) were collected and the OS and NOS content analysed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS2). Inorganic sulfate was shown to facilitate the formation of isoprene OS species across both campaigns. Sulfate contained within OS and NOS species was shown to contribute significantly to the sulfate signal measured via AMS. Strong nocturnal enhancements of NOS species were observed across both campaigns. The total concentration of OS and NOS species contributed an average of (2.0±0.9) % and (1.8±1.4) % to the total oxidized organic aerosol and up to a maximum of 4.2 % and 6.6 % across the pre- and post-monsoon periods, respectively. Overall, this study provides the first molecular-level measurements of SOA derived from isoprene and monoterpene in Delhi and demonstrates that both biogenic and anthropogenic sources of these compounds can be important in urban areas.

U2 - 10.5194/acp-23-61-2023

DO - 10.5194/acp-23-61-2023

M3 - Article

SN - 1680-7324

VL - 23

SP - 61

EP - 83

JO - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

IS - 1

ER -

Biogenic and anthropogenic sources of isoprene and monoterpenes and their secondary organic aerosol in Delhi, India

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