Biodiversity, Species Interactions and Ecological Networks in a Fragmented World

Melanie Hagen, W. Daniel Kissling, Claus Rasmussen, Marcus A.M. De Aguiar, Lee E. Brown, Daniel W. Carstensen, Isabel Alves-Dos-Santos, Yoko L. Dupont, Francois K. Edwards, Julieta Genini, Paulo R. Guimarães, Gareth B. Jenkins, Pedro Jordano, Christopher N. Kaiser-Bunbury, Mark E. Ledger, Kate P. Maia, Flavia M.Darcie Marquitti, Órla Mclaughlin, L. Patricia C. Morellato, Eoin J. O'GormanKristian Trøjelsgaard, Jason M. Tylianakis, Mariana Morais Vidal, Guy Woodward, Jens M. Olesen*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

219 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Biodiversity is organised into complex ecological networks of interacting species in local ecosystems, but our knowledge about the effects of habitat fragmentation on such systems remains limited. We consider the effects of this key driver of both local and global change on both mutualistic and antagonistic systems at different levels of biological organisation and spatiotemporal scales.There is a complex interplay of patterns and processes related to the variation and influence of spatial, temporal and biotic drivers in ecological networks. Species traits (e.g. body size, dispersal ability) play an important role in determining how networks respond to fragment size and isolation, edge shape and permeability, and the quality of the surrounding landscape matrix. Furthermore, the perception of spatial scale (e.g. environmental grain) and temporal effects (time lags, extinction debts) can differ markedly among species, network modules and trophic levels, highlighting the need to develop a more integrated perspective that considers not just nodes, but the structural role and strength of species interactions (e.g. as hubs, spatial couplers and determinants of connectance, nestedness and modularity) in response to habitat fragmentation.Many challenges remain for improving our understanding: the likely importance of specialisation, functional redundancy and trait matching has been largely overlooked. The potentially critical effects of apex consumers, abundant species and super-generalists on network changes and evolutionary dynamics also need to be addressed in future research. Ultimately, spatial and ecological networks need to be combined to explore the effects of dispersal, colonisation, extinction and habitat fragmentation on network structure and coevolutionary dynamics. Finally, we need to embed network approaches more explicitly within applied ecology in general, because they offer great potential for improving on the current species-based or habitat-centric approaches to our management and conservation of biodiversity in the face of environmental change.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)89-120
Number of pages32
JournalAdvances in Ecological Research
Volume46
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 17 Oct 2012

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
  • Ecology

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