Application of green microbiology for microplastic remediation: Current progress and future perspectives

Nearly two decades ago, the term “microplastics” was coined and used for the first time to refer to tiny fragments of plastic. Since then, microplastics have been found in aquatic and terrestrial environments, the atmosphere, and inside the bodies of animals and human beings, including human lungs. The plastic particles’ contribution to environmental pollution is extensive, accounting for millions of metric tons of waste in the oceans and on land. As the world grapples with extensive microplastic pollution, significant progress is being made in preventing and addressing it. To this end, green microbiology has emerged as a potential approach for microplastic remediation. This article evaluates research on the viability of the use of microorganisms for this purpose, highlighting some microorganisms that have been used successfully in the remediation of microplastics, the mechanisms employed for this purpose, and the link of their use for microplastic remediation to sustainability. Finally, this article builds on current knowledge to identify potential future directions for research on the use of microorganisms for microplastic remediation.