An immunophenotypic pre‐treatment predictor for poor response to induction chemotherapy in older acute myeloid leukaemia patients: blood frequency of CD34⁺ CD38^low blasts

Many older patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) that receive standard intensive chemotherapy fail to achieve complete remission (CR). Upfront identification of patients unlikely to benefit from standard induction chemotherapy would be important for exploration of novel therapies. This study evaluated if a flow cytometric assay measuring pre-treatment CD34⁺ CD38^low blast frequency could predict therapeutic-resistance in 736 AML patients entered into the UK National Cancer Research Institute AML16 trial. High peripheral blood CD34⁺ CD38^low blast frequency (>7% of leucocytes), present in 18% of assessable patients, conferred significantly reduced CR rates (38% vs. 76%, P < 0·0001) and poor survival, and was independently prognostic for all endpoints of treatment resistance by multivariate analysis.