Accounting for all the consequences of roadworks and streetworks design options: A scoping review

Roadworks and streetworks produce diverse impacts including traffic delay, safety risks, vehicle emissions, business disruption, and effects on community wellbeing, yet these consequences are rarely examined together. This scoping review synthesises 63 peer-reviewed studies published between 1955 and 2025, identified through PRISMA-ScR procedures from an initial pool of 240 articles and organised using the PICO framework. Fifteen impact types were identified, demonstrating substantial thematic breadth and highlighting the diverse methodological traditions that have shaped the field, while also indicating clear opportunities for greater integration across impact domains. Traffic performance, delay modelling, and life-cycle emissions dominate the literature, reflecting the prevalence of engineering-driven quantitative methods, while social, governance, ecological, accessibility, and vulnerable-user impacts remain sparsely analysed. Only seven studies assessed more than two domains concurrently, and none implemented a total impact assessment. Mapping of analysis types, data requirements, and software tools shows strong domain-specific silos that impede holistic evaluation. These findings highlight the need for integrative frameworks, motivating the conceptual foundation for an All-Consequences Calculator (ACC) for roadworks and streetworks to underpin multi-domain decision support. Moreover, the findings for streetworks (a prime example of shallow underground space engineering that intensely impacts on social and environmental systems) reported herein extend to all urban tunnelling and underground space construction.