Ab interno tube ligation for refractory hypotony following non-valved glaucoma drainage device implantation

PURPOSE: To report the 2-year outcomes of a novel surgical technique allowing reduction of the intraluminal diameter of the tube without total tube occlusion in order to allow enough increase in outflow resistance to permit resolution of hypotony whilst also achieving adequate IOP control.

METHODS: This was a single-surgeon retrospective case note review of all non-valved GDD cases over an 8-year period (2008-2015) that underwent ab interno ligation of the drainage tube in order to manage post-operative hypotony (Baerveldt or Molteno). Twelve eyes of 12 patients (4.4%) developing refractory hypotony that did not respond to multiple intracameral ophthalmic viscoelastic device (OVD) injections were included in this retrospective case series and were treated with our ab interno tube ligation technique. The post-ligation management algorithm consisted of re-instating topical anti-glaucoma agents, laser suture lysis (LSL), or further ab interno ligation.

RESULTS: Mean IOP increased from 2.8 mmHg at baseline to 7.8 mmHg, 7.1 mmHg, 9.0 mmHg, 13.6 mmHg, 10.9 mmHg, 13.9 mmHg and 13.6 mmHg at day 1, week 1, month 1, month 3, month 6, year 1 and year 2 respectively, with or without additional topical anti-glaucoma medications. Although hypotony resolution following our technique was achieved in all eyes at 2 years, 8.3% of cases required reinstatement of topical medications to maintain IOP control within the target range.

CONCLUSIONS: We propose ab interno partial tube tying as an effective surgical option to achieve an immediate, predictable and sustained IOP elevation either as a primary procedure or when traditional methods have failed to resolve hypotony in eyes with non-valved GDDs.