Abstract
Research on island species–area relationships (ISAR) has expanded to incorporate functional (IFDAR) and phylogenetic (IPDAR) diversity. However, relative to the ISAR, we know little about IFDARs and IPDARs, and lack synthetic global analyses of variation in form of these three categories of island diversity–area relationship (IDAR). Here, we undertake the first comparative evaluation of IDARs at the global scale using 51 avian archipelagic datasets representing true and habitat islands. Using null models, we explore how richness-corrected functional and phylogenetic diversity scale with island area. We also provide the largest global assessment of the impacts of species introductions and extinctions on the IDAR. Results show that increasing richness with area is the primary driver of the (non-richness corrected) IPDAR and IFDAR for many datasets. However, for several archipelagos, richness-corrected functional and phylogenetic diversity changes linearly with island area, suggesting that the dominant community assembly processes shift along the island area gradient. We also find that archipelagos with the steepest ISARs exhibit the biggest differences in slope between IDARs, indicating increased functional and phylogenetic redundancy on larger islands in these archipelagos. In several cases introduced species seem to have ‘re-calibrated’ the IDARs such that they resemble the historic period prior to recent extinctions.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 965-982 |
Number of pages | 18 |
Journal | Ecology Letters |
Volume | 26 |
Issue number | 6 |
Early online date | 29 Mar 2023 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 24 May 2023 |
Bibliographical note
Acknowledgments:The comments of Anderson Saldanha Bueno, Jonathan Chase and three anonymous reviewers greatly improved the paper. The computations described in this paper were performed using the University of Birmingham's BlueBEAR HPC service, and the data compilation was supported by the University's GEES Research Support Fund. FS was supported by a Beatriu de Pinós postdoctoral fellowship (2020 BP 00067) from the Ministry of Research and Universities of the Government of Catalonia.
Keywords
- birds
- community assembly
- diversity–area relationship
- functional diversity
- habitat fragments
- islands
- phylogenetic diversity
- species–area relationship
- SYNTHESIS