2023 roadmap for potassium-ion batteries

Yang Xu*, Magda Titirici, Jingwei Chen, Furio Cora, Patrick L Cullen, Jacqueline Sophie Edge, Ling Fan, Jingyu Feng, Tomooki Hosaka, Junyang Hu, Weiwei Huang, Timothy I Hyde, Sumair Imtiaz, Feiyu Kang, Tadhg Kennedy, Eun Jeong Kim, Shinichi Komaba, Laura Lander, Phuong Nam Le Pham, Pengcheng LiuBingan Lu, Fanlu Meng, David Mitlin, Laure Monconduit, Robert G Palgrave, Lei Qin, Kevin M Ryan, Gopinathan Sankar, David O Scanlon, Tianyi Shi, Lorenzo Stievano, Henry R Tinker, Chengliang Wang, Hang Wang, Huanlei Wang, Yiying Wu, Dengyun Zhai, Qichun Zhang, Min Zhou, Jincheng Zou, Kun Fan

*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

The heavy reliance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has caused rising concerns on the sustainability of lithium and transition metal and the ethic issue around mining practice. Developing alternative energy storage technologies beyond lithium has become a prominent slice of global energy research portfolio. The alternative technologies play a vital role in shaping the future landscape of energy storage, from electrified mobility to the efficient utilization of renewable energies and further to large-scale stationary energy storage. Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are a promising alternative given its chemical and economic benefits, making a strong competitor to LIBs and sodium-ion batteries for different applications. However, many are unknown regarding potassium storage processes in materials and how it differs from lithium and sodium and understanding of solid-liquid interfacial chemistry is massively insufficient in PIBs. Therefore, there remain outstanding issues to advance the commercial prospects of the PIB technology. This Roadmap highlights the up-to-date scientific and technological advances and the insights into solving challenging issues to accelerate the development of PIBs. We hope this Roadmap aids the wider PIB research community and provides a cross-referencing to other beyond lithium energy storage technologies in the fast-pacing research landscape.

Original languageEnglish
Article number021502
Number of pages73
JournalJPhys Energy
Volume5
Issue number2
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 6 Apr 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work is financially supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFA1202802), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52072206), Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program (2017BT01N111) and Shenzhen Stable Supporting Project (WDZC20200818155913001).

The authors thank the JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Nos. JP18K14327, JP20J13077, JP20H02849, and JP21K20561) for financial support.

This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22179123 and 21471139), Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (No. ZR2020ME038) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 201941010).

P L C would like to thank the EPSRC for funding this work (EP/S001298/2).

The authors acknowledge supports from National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFA1501502), National Natural Science Foundation of China (22075263, 52002366), USTC start-up funding (KY2060000165), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WK2060000039).

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52173163), the National 1000-Talents Program, the innovation Fund of WNLO and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021TQ0115, 2021M701302 and 2020M672323).

The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/V000152/1, EP/X000087/1), the Leverhulme Trust (RPG-2021-138), and the Royal Society (RGS\R2\212324, SIF\R2\212002). For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising.

D M and P L were supported by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, Award: DE-SC0023260.

L L thanks the Faraday Institution for their support through the ‘Multiscale Modelling (MSM)’ project (Grant No. FIRG0025).

This research is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (Award No. DE-FG02-07ER46427). The authors are also grateful for the partial support of this work from the Ohio State University.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.

Keywords

  • electrolytes
  • energy storage
  • next generation battery
  • potassium-ion batteries
  • solid-electrolyte interphase
  • sustainability
  • techno-economic assessment

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Materials Science (miscellaneous)
  • General Energy
  • Materials Chemistry

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